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1.
Acta Neuropsychologica ; 20(3):263-274, 2022.
Статья в английский | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2040819

Реферат

Background Early evidence described by a number of scholars worldwide suggests that neu-roCOVID-19 has both mild [e.g. loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia), neurological tics (heterophilia), visual disturbances, headaches, dizziness, disorien-tation] and more severe sequelae (e.g. cognitive impairment, seizures, delirium, psychosis, strokes). Long-term neurological problems or neurological deficits may also occur. The aim of this study was to describe the examination and neurother-apy of a boy following SARS-CoV-2 infection and NeuroCOVID-19 in whom neurological tics and motor automatisms as well as cognitive impairment, particularly attention deficit disorder, developed as a consequence. Case study: We present a boy K.S., 7 years old, without any neurodevelopmental disorders, following a SARS-CoV-2 infection in May 2021 and the contraction of neuro-COVID-19 confirmed by a genetic test for the quantitative detection of neutralising antibodies (responsible for immunity) in the IgG class against SARS-CoV-2. The boy had relatively mild pseudomonal symptoms of the illness: temperature 38.5, runny nose, cough, muscle aches, headaches and general weakness. He was treated symptomatically and recovered after 2 weeks. Two months later, at the beginning of July 2021, neurological tics consisting of an upward turning of the eyeballs to the left appeared. These tics intensified in August 2021 and were accompanied by motor automatisms consisting of the left hand stiffening in salute-like position, while at the same time there was an inclination of the head to the left. In September 2021, after exertion in the swimming pool, an epileptic seizure occurred which caused the boy to start drowning. In the days that fol-lowed the above described tics and motor automatisms increased. He also developed sleep disorders, which consisted of him waking up several times during the night, during which time neurological tics and motor automatisms also ap-peared. Gradually, cognitive dysfunctions, especially attention deficits and behavioural changes, joined in, making it impossible for the boy to function independently at school and in many situations of daily life. Neurophysiological examination: qEEG, ERPs and sLORETA tomography performed on 11.09.2021 using automatic seizure activity detection software showed the pres-ence of the neuromarker benign partial rolandic epilepsy (BPERS) and neurocog-nitive disturbances resembling the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compared with the neuromarkers of children with this condition (n=100) from the normative database of the Human Brain Index (HBI) in Switzer-land. Detection of the neuromarkerBPERS was helpful in selecting an individu-alised neurostimulation protocol. The patient participated in 20 neurofeedback sessions using (1) SMR reinforcement, theta inhibition;(2) theta inhibition, B1 reinforcement (15-18 Hz);(3) qEEG-guided neurofeedback. Neurostimulation with neurofeedback was conducted twice a week, for 15-20 minutes gradually increasing to 30-40 minutes per session. The patient also received individual goal-directed psychotherapy After successive sessions of neurofeedback, a gradual reduction neurological symptoms was observed. By the end of neu-rotherapy, neurological tics, motor automatisms, neurocognitive disorders and behavioural disturbances had completely disappeared. The patient functions well in school and achieves very good results. Conclusions: HBI methodology was helpful in finding functional neuromarkers of benign partial Rolandic epilepsy and disturbed cognitive control. Therefore, it was possible to offer more effective neurorehabilitation of the disorders, which contribute to a better quality of life for the patient.

2.
Acta Neuropsychologica ; 19(3):361-372, 2021.
Статья в английский | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1534460

Реферат

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is likely to have long-term mental health effects on individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 can see a range of long-term side effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions in a patient after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the long long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19. Case study: The 48-year-old woman ZR, an accountant by profession, an employee of the administration of the Municipal Board of Municipal Resources, fell ill on October 13, 2020. The disease began with very severe burning headache, eyeballs pain, muscle aches. Ten days later more symptoms joined: loss of smell (anosmia) and loss of taste (ageusia), hearing disorders, shortness of breath and chest pains. The symptoms were associated with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection confirmed by an rt-PCR genetic test. Brain MRI with intravenous paramagnetic contrast medium injection did not show either lesions of acute microischemic significance or areas of pathological enhancement after paramagnetic contrast medium administration. The patient was treated at home. In mid-November 2020, about a month after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and contracting NeuroCOVID-19, neurocognitive impairment developed and after half a year she was deteriorating and not able to live independently in society because of her condition. She called her problem "brain fog", and was referred for further diagnosis and therapy to the Reintegration and Training Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society. We diagnosed a range of long-term side effects and introduced neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions. It was found that almost all the long-term side effects were reduced in magnitude. The patient improved and she was able to return to work. Conclusions: EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training might be helpful in the reduction of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients following the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19.

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