Gene influencing in COVID-19 infection, disease severity and its pharmacotherapy

ABSTRACT

Current pandemic COVID-19 has severely affected the world, having a mortality rate ranging from 1 to 10% which is different for many countries. The time interval from symptoms to clinical recovery is 6–8 weeks and to death is 2 to 8 weeks. The increase in severity and fatality in COVID 19 is primarily due to the presence of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, pre-existing lungs disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cancer. As we already know that humans show the difference in drug responses because of their varied genetic make-up. Therefore, Population genomics gives an insight into the genetic characteristic of a population and it is critical in determining susceptibility, severity and natural protection against infectious diseases. Hence, this study was done to evaluate the population genetic makeup which is necessary to identify those who are at risk or protection from disease and develop genomics information, that would be useful in providing insight about COVID-19 disease severity or outcomes. Some of the proposed genetic gateways in COVID 19 pathogenesis are mentioned in this review that includes roles of ACE2 gene, HLA gene, Chromosome 3P21.31, ABO locus, genes responsible for cytokine storm, TLR-pathway, Family Mediterranean fever and G6PD deficiency. This review also emphasises the current treatment available in COVID-19 like hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, RNA polymerase inhibitors, interleukin inhibitors, antivirals, ivermectin, doxycycline and their pharmacogenomics viewpoint. Such Pharmacogenomic studies are very helpful for physicians to choose and give accurate first-line therapy for COVID 19 patients. © IJCRR.