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Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients.
Leon-Abarca, Juan Alonso; Portmann-Baracco, Arianna; Bryce-Alberti, Mayte; Ruiz-Sánchez, Carlos; Accinelli, Roberto Alfonso; Soliz, Jorge; Gonzales, Gustavo Francisco.
  • Leon-Abarca JA; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Portmann-Baracco A; Facultad de Medicina Albero Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Bryce-Alberti M; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Ruiz-Sánchez C; Facultad de Medicina Albero Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Accinelli RA; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Soliz J; Facultad de Medicina Albero Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  • Gonzales GF; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
PLoS One ; 16(8): e0255144, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1339409
ABSTRACT

AIMS:

The objective of this study is to analyze how the impact of Diabetes Mellitus [DM] in patients with COVID-19 varies according to altitudinal gradient.

METHODS:

We obtained 1,280,806 records from adult patients with COVID-19 and DM to analyze the probability of COVID-19, development of COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, intubation, admission to the Intensive Care Unit [ICU] and case-fatality rates [CFR]. Variables were controlled by age, sex and altitude of residence to calculate adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios.

RESULTS:

Patients with DM had a 21.8% higher prevalence of COVID-19 and an additional 120.2% higher prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia. The adjusted prevalence was also higher for these outcomes as well as for hospitalization, intubation and ICU admission. COVID-19 and pneumonia patients with DM had a 97.0% and 19.4% higher CFR, respectively. With increasing altitudes, the probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and the development of pneumonia decreased along CFR for patients with and without DM. However, COVID-19 patients with DM were more likely to require intubation when residing at high altitude.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study suggests that patients with DM have a higher probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and developing pneumonia. Higher altitude had a protective relationship against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, it may be associated with more severe cases in patients with and without DM. High altitude decreases CFR for all COVID-19 patients. Our work also shows that women are less affected than men regardless of altitude.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus / Altitude / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus / Altitude / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article