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Virus-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion.
Leroy, Héloïse; Han, Mingyu; Woottum, Marie; Bracq, Lucie; Bouchet, Jérôme; Xie, Maorong; Benichou, Serge.
  • Leroy H; Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Han M; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Woottum M; Faculty of Health, University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Bracq L; Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Bouchet J; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Xie M; Faculty of Health, University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
  • Benichou S; Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 75014 Paris, France.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(24)2020 Dec 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1383876
ABSTRACT
Cell-cell fusion between eukaryotic cells is a general process involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, including infections by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses use intracellular machineries and pathways for efficient replication in their host target cells. Interestingly, certain viruses, and, more especially, enveloped viruses belonging to different viral families and including human pathogens, can mediate cell-cell fusion between infected cells and neighboring non-infected cells. Depending of the cellular environment and tissue organization, this virus-mediated cell-cell fusion leads to the merge of membrane and cytoplasm contents and formation of multinucleated cells, also called syncytia, that can express high amount of viral antigens in tissues and organs of infected hosts. This ability of some viruses to trigger cell-cell fusion between infected cells as virus-donor cells and surrounding non-infected target cells is mainly related to virus-encoded fusion proteins, known as viral fusogens displaying high fusogenic properties, and expressed at the cell surface of the virus-donor cells. Virus-induced cell-cell fusion is then mediated by interactions of these viral fusion proteins with surface molecules or receptors involved in virus entry and expressed on neighboring non-infected cells. Thus, the goal of this review is to give an overview of the different animal virus families, with a more special focus on human pathogens, that can trigger cell-cell fusion.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viruses / Cell Fusion / Cell Membrane / Viral Fusion Proteins / Virus Internalization / Membrane Fusion Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: IJMS21249644

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Viruses / Cell Fusion / Cell Membrane / Viral Fusion Proteins / Virus Internalization / Membrane Fusion Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: IJMS21249644