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Determinants of Neutralizing Antibody Response After SARS CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Myeloma.
Nooka, Ajay K; Shanmugasundaram, Uma; Cheedarla, Narayana; Verkerke, Hans; Edara, Venkata V; Valanparambil, Rajesh; Kaufman, Jonathan L; Hofmeister, Craig C; Joseph, Nisha S; Lonial, Sagar; Azeem, Maryam; Manalo, Julia; Switchenko, Jeffrey M; Chang, Andres; Linderman, Susanne L; Roback, John D; Dhodapkar, Kavita M; Ahmed, Rafi; Suthar, Mehul S; Neish, Andrew S; Dhodapkar, Madhav V.
  • Nooka AK; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Shanmugasundaram U; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Cheedarla N; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Verkerke H; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Edara VV; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Valanparambil R; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Kaufman JL; Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA.
  • Hofmeister CC; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Joseph NS; Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA.
  • Lonial S; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Azeem M; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Manalo J; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Switchenko JM; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Chang A; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Linderman SL; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Roback JD; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Dhodapkar KM; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Ahmed R; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Suthar MS; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
  • Neish AS; Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA.
  • Dhodapkar MV; Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
J Clin Oncol ; 40(26): 3057-3064, 2022 09 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1731566
ABSTRACT

PURPOSE:

Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) play a critical role in protection from SARS CoV-2. Patients with B-cell malignancies including myeloma are at increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality and exhibit variable serologic response to the vaccine. The capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies in these patients to neutralize SARS CoV-2 or its variants is not known.

METHODS:

Sera from 238 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing SARS CoV-2 vaccination were analyzed. Antibodies against the SARS CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and viral nucleocapsid were measured to detect serologic response to vaccine and environmental exposure to the virus. The capacity of antibodies to neutralize virus was quantified using pseudovirus neutralization assay and live virus neutralization against the initial SARS CoV-2 strain and the B1.617.2 (Delta) variant.

RESULTS:

Vaccine-induced nAbs are detectable at much lower rates (54%) than estimated in previous seroconversion studies in MM, which did not monitor viral neutralization. In 33% of patients, vaccine-induced antispike RBD antibodies lack detectable neutralizing capacity, including against the B1.617.2 variant. Induction of nAbs is affected by race, disease, and treatment-related factors. Patients receiving mRNA1273 vaccine (Moderna) achieved significantly greater induction of nAbs compared with those receiving BNT162b2 (Pfizer; 67% v 48%, P = .006).

CONCLUSION:

These data show that vaccine-induced antibodies in several patients with MM lack detectable virus-neutralizing activity. Vaccine-mediated induction of nAbs is affected by race, disease, vaccine, and treatment characteristics. These data have several implications for the emerging application of booster vaccines in immunocompromised hosts.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 / Multiple Myeloma Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Clin Oncol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jco.21.02257

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 / Multiple Myeloma Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Clin Oncol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jco.21.02257