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Natural Killer Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications.
Di Vito, Clara; Calcaterra, Francesca; Coianiz, Nicolò; Terzoli, Sara; Voza, Antonio; Mikulak, Joanna; Della Bella, Silvia; Mavilio, Domenico.
  • Di Vito C; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Calcaterra F; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Coianiz N; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra) , University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Terzoli S; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Voza A; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
  • Mikulak J; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
  • Della Bella S; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
  • Mavilio D; Emergency Medicine Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Front Immunol ; 13: 888248, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2198814
ABSTRACT
Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immunity that play a crucial role in the control of viral infections in the absence of a prior antigen sensitization. Indeed, they display rapid effector functions against target cells with the capability of direct cell killing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, NK cells are endowed with immune-modulatory functions innate and adaptive immune responses via the secretion of chemokines/cytokines and by undertaking synergic crosstalks with other innate immune cells, including monocyte/macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. Recently, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the specific role of NK cells in COVID-19 pathophysiology still need to be explored, mounting evidence indicates that NK cell tissue distribution and effector functions could be affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and that a prompt NK cell response could determine a good clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of how SARS-CoV-2 infection interferes with NK cell antiviral effectiveness and their crosstalk with other innate immune cells. We also provide a detailed characterization of the specific NK cell subsets in relation to COVID-19 patient severity generated from publicly available single cell RNA sequencing datasets. Finally, we summarize the possible NK cell-based therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ongoing clinical trials updated at the time of submission of this review. We will also discuss how a deep understanding of NK cell responses could open new possibilities for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.888248

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2022.888248