Effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and nonpharmacologic approaches for reduction: an expert review.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM
; 2(4): 100229, 2020 11.
Artigo
em Inglês
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1064757
ABSTRACT
Both acute and chronic stress can cause allostatic overload, or long-term imbalance in mediators of homeostasis, that results in disruptions in the maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune system responses. During pregnancy, disruptions in homeostasis may increase the likelihood of preterm birth and preeclampsia. Expectant mothers traditionally have high rates of anxiety and depressive disorders, and many are susceptible to a variety of stressors during pregnancy. These common life stressors include financial concerns and relationship challenges and may be exacerbated by the biological, social, and psychological changes occurring during pregnancy. In addition, external stressors such as major weather events (eg, hurricanes, tornados, floods) and other global phenomena (eg, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) may contribute to stress during pregnancy. This review investigates recent literature published about the use of nonpharmacologic modalities for stress relief in pregnancy and examines the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses and stressors, with the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of implementing nonpharmacologic interventions as sole therapies or in conjunction with psychotherapy or psychiatric medication therapy. Further, the effectiveness of each nonpharmacologic therapy in reducing symptoms of maternal stress is reviewed. Mindfulness meditation and biofeedback have shown effectiveness in improving one's mental health, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Exercise, including yoga, may improve both depressive symptoms and birth outcomes. Expressive writing has successfully been applied postpartum and in response to pregnancy challenges. Although some of these nonpharmacologic interventions can be convenient and low cost, there is a trend toward inconsistent implementation of these modalities. Future investigations should focus on methods to increase ease of uptake, ensure each option is available at home, and provide a standardized way to evaluate whether combinations of different interventions may provide added benefit.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
Disponível
Coleções:
Bases de dados internacionais
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Complicações na Gravidez
/
Psicoterapia
/
Estresse Psicológico
/
Terapias Complementares
/
Resultado da Gravidez
/
COVID-19
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo experimental
/
Estudo observacional
/
Estudo prognóstico
/
Pesquisa qualitativa
Tópicos:
Covid persistente
/
Medicina tradicional
Limite:
Feminino
/
Humanos
/
Recém-Nascido
/
Gravidez
Idioma:
Inglês
Revista:
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
País de afiliação:
J.ajogmf.2020.100229
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