IDF21-0523 Hemoglobin A1c prognosticates for dyslipidemia: Correlation between lipid profile and HbA1c in diabetic heart disease

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes is one of the main non-communicable diseases with alarming prevalence in the world, including in Algeria. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. A level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% was included as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. The altered lipid profile is commonly present in type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, which contributes to their high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aim: This study is an attempt to determine the correlation between the serum lipid profile and blood glucose and to assess the importance of HbA1c as an indicator of dyslipidemia. Method: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out during this Covid pandemic, at the level of the diabetic house and the Khemis Meliana hospital (North Algerian) over a period of 9 months. A total of 384 patients with T2DM aged 30 to 89 years were selected for this purpose. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Diabetes has been defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. The levels of fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by R studio software (Package for Social science software). The significance test was calculated by the unpaired Student “t” test. Correlation studies (Pearson correlation) have been performed between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid ratios and individual lipid indices. Significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 61.28 ± 10.04 years with a mean duration of diabetes was 14.32 ± 6.24 years. Significant positive correlations were observed between HbA1c and serum total cholesterol (p-value <10-6), triglyceride (p-value <10-3) and LDL-C (p-value = 0.002). In contrast, the correlation between HbA1c and HDL-C was negative and insignificant. Thus, the association between HbA1c and the atherogenicity index, especially the LDL-C / HDL-C ratio has been well established. Discussion: The study concluded that the HbA1c value correlated well with the lipid profile of diabetic patients. Thus, HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and therefore early diagnosis of dyslipidemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of CVD in patients with T2DM.