ABSTRACT
The pathogens responsible for leprosy, tuberculosis and the leishmaniases can induce different classes of immunity, but protection is provided only by a cell-mediated response. Here, Peter Bretscher proposes a strategy to achieve an immunological imprint that ensures a stable cell-mediated response upon natural infection.
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage , Bacterial Vaccines , Leprosy/prevention & control , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Vaccination , Animals , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Disease Susceptibility/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Leishmania tropica/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C/parasitology , Mycobacterium bovis/classification , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Rats , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/immunologySubject(s)
Animals , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C/parasitology , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/immunology , Leprosy/prevention & control , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Leishmania tropica/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Mycobacterium bovis/classification , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Rats , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Disease Susceptibility/genetics , Disease Susceptibility/immunology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , VaccinationSubject(s)
Leishmaniasis/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte , Antigens, Ly/analysis , Antigens, Protozoan , Antigens, Surface/analysis , Immunization, Passive , Leishmania tropica/immunology , Mice , T-Lymphocytes/classificationABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of antileishmanial antibody in sera from patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis was developed. The assay, using as antigen either the soluble fraction from freeze-thawed sonicated Leishmania major (LRC-L137) promastigotes or a carbohydrate-lipid containing fraction obtained by extraction with hexane-isopropanol, was shown to be sensitive and reproducible. The sera of 95 patients were examined. These were from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (26 from the Jordan Valley and 13 from Sinai), kala-azar (9), malaria (24), schistosomiasis (10), toxoplasmosis (5), and leprosy (8); controls were 37 normal human sera. No significant antigen dependent differences were observed using sera from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, although differences in the immunological response were observed between the two populations of these patients. Antileishmanial activity was not detected in sera from patients with malaria, schistosomiasis, or toxoplasmosis. Although sera from leprosy patients crossreacted with the carbohydrate-lipid containing fraction, it was nevertheless more strain specific than freeze thawed sonicated L. major.