ABSTRACT
Background People affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), are burdened by a higher risk of developing malignancies including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancer. Objective To evaluate the association of HIV with melanoma and NMSC at a University Hospital. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of HIV-infected and a matched comparison group, analyzing the associations between skin cancer and HIV infection. Results Compared to the HIV-uninfected, HIV-infected had 80% association with skin cancer (CI 95%: 1.3-2.4, P = 0.001) The risk was 45-fold higher by patients" age (CI 95%: 3.3-15.9: P = 0.001). When adjusted for patient age, sex and race, the risk was 6.4 fold ligher of having cancer if compared to the others (CI 95%: 49-84, P = 0.001). Melanoma was not found in HIV-infected. Conclusion With this study, we have demonstrated that HIV-infected patients have an increased risk of BCC and SCC. Preventive dermatologic management is pivotal in the care of immunosuppressed patients. These patients must undergo the dermatological examination annually and should receive extensive counseling regarding sun avoidance, use of sunscreens,and sun-protective clothing.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , HIV Infections , Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/complications , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/epidemiology , Melanoma/complications , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Cutaneous neoplasms frequently occur in leprosy, but there are few reports of the coexistence of leprosy and basal cell carcinoma in the same lesion. This case reports a 49-year-old male with an ulcerated plaque on the right lateral nasal wall, bright papules on the sternal region, and a blackened plaque on the right temporal region. The nasal and temporal lesions were diagnosed by histopathology as basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, respectively. The sternal lesions were excised with the repair of the "dog ear" which histopathological examination showed macrophages in the dermis parasitized with acid-fast bacilli, confirming the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy with Fite-Faraco staining. This case report highlights the importance of referring the dog-ear specimen for histopathologic analysis.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/complications , Leprosy, Lepromatous/complications , Melanoma/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Humans , Leprosy, Lepromatous/pathology , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Cutaneous neoplasms frequently occur in leprosy, but there are few reports of the coexistence of leprosy and basal cell carcinoma in the same lesion. This case reports a 49-year-old male with an ulcerated plaque on the right lateral nasal wall, bright papules on the sternal region, and a blackened plaque on the right temporal region. The nasal and temporal lesions were diagnosed by histopathology as basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, respectively. The sternal lesions were excised with the repair of the "dog ear" which histopathological examination showed macrophages in the dermis parasitized with acid-fast bacilli, confirming the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy with Fite-Faraco staining. This case report highlights the importance of referring the dog-ear specimen for histopathologic analysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/complications , Leprosy, Lepromatous/complications , Melanoma/complications , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Leprosy, Lepromatous/pathology , Melanoma/pathologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Non-healing chronic trophic ulceration is very common in leprosy patients. Marjolin's ulcer consists of the malignant transformation of a chronic ulcerative lesion. Nodular melanoma developing from Marjolin's ulcer, caused by a trophic ulceration of a leprosy patient, is very rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Due to the disguised presentation of these malignancies within trophic ulceration lesions in leprosy, neoplastic transformation is frequently overlooked, leading to misdiagnosed and delayed treatment. This paper reports a case of an 83-year-old man with lepromatous leprosy and chronic ulceration on the foot for 22 years. Over a period of 2 months, the ulcer enlarged, turned black, and became more painful. The patient underwent regional excision and immunotherapy after the diagnosis of malignant nodular melanoma. After 9 months follow-up, no metastasis was found. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.