ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el proceso formación de habilidades clínicas para diagnosticar la lepra por estudiantes de quinto año de Medicina constituye un eslabón importante en el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad y su control. Objetivo: sistematizar los referentes teóricos que sustentan el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de quinto año de Medicina en el diagnóstico de la lepra. Métodos: para la recogida de la información se revisaron artículos de las páginas Scielo, Google Scholar, MEDISAN, Elsevier y tesis doctorales en ciencias de la educación médica, digitalizados e impresos para un total de 57; de ellos fueron seleccionados 26 sobre la temática estudiada. Desarrollo: se realizó una sistematización sobre los conceptos de formación, habilidad y desarrollo vinculados al examen dermatoneurológico y el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de quinto año de Medicina, así como la contribución de esta habilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de la lepra. Conclusiones: el análisis realizado sobre la formación de los estudiantes de quinto año de Medicina en el diagnóstico de la lepra permitió establecer un acercamiento a sus referentes teóricos, así como reconocer la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos métodos de enseñanza que les brinden el conocimiento y la práctica necesaria para enfrentar los retos de la demandante situación higiénico-epidemiológica con acciones dirigidas al paciente, la familia y la comunidad.
ABSTRACT Introduction: the process of training clinical skills to diagnose leprosy by fifth-year medical students constitutes an important element in the early diagnosis of the disease and its control. Objective: to systematize the theoretical references to support the training process of fifth year Medicine students in the diagnosis of leprosy. Methods: for data collection, articles from the pages Scielo, Google Scholar, MEDISAN, Elsevier and doctoral theses in medical education sciences, either electronic or printed were reviewed for a total of 57; out of them, 26 were selected on the subject studied. Development: Systematization was carried out on the concepts of training, skill and development linked to the dermatoneurological examination and the training process of fifth year Medicine students, as well as the contribution of this skill in the early diagnosis of leprosy. Conclusions: the systematization carried out on the training of fifth-year medical students in the diagnosis of leprosy allowed establishing an approach to their theoretical references, as well as recognizing the need to develop new teaching methods to provide them with the necessary knowledge and practice to face the challenges of the demanding hygienic-epidemiological situation with actions aimed at the patient, the family and the community.
Subject(s)
Leprosy , Students, Health Occupations , Education, Medical , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conhecimento teórico sobre hanseníase por estudantes universitários da área da saúde em município do Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários validados, aplicados por entrevistadores treinados. A população foi constituída por universitários do último período teórico dos cursos da área da saúde. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Fixou-se erro tipo I em 5% (p<0,05) como estatisticamente significativo. No que se refere ao contato de alunos com pessoas que tem ou tiveram hanseníase hanseníase, o curso de medicina teve o maior percentual, com 18 discentes (90%); nos cursos de nutrição, odontologia e farmácia, os estudantes que nunca tiveram contato representaram 8 (100%), 15 (83,33%) e 19 (90,48%), respectivamente. Quando questionados quanto à cura da hanseníase, 18 alunos de enfermagem (94,74%) e 19 de medicina (95%) afirmaram ser possível. Contudo, no curso de enfermagem, 1 5,26%), odontologia, 3 (16,67%), farmácia, 3 (14,29%) e nutrição, 4 (50%) alunos afirmaram não saber. Apresentou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p-valor<0,036), mostrando que a frequência esperada é equivalente à observada. Quanto ao conhecimento do período de incubação do agente etiológico, revelou-se que 12 (63,16%) alunos de enfermagem, 8 (100%) de nutrição, 16 (88,89%) de odontologia e 15 (71,43%) de farmácia não sabiam o período de incubação do bacilo. O p-valor = 0,010 apresentou significância, mostrando que nenhum dos entrevistados do curso de nutrição assinalou a resposta correta. O estudo mostra que os alunos dos cursos de nutrição, farmácia e odontologia apresentam conhecimento não satisfatório sobre a hanseníase.
This papers goal is analyzing the knowledge about leprosy by health undergraduate students at the public university in county Brazilian northeast. The population was constituted of undergraduate health students on the last term. The data were analyzed by means of the descriptive and inferential statistics. A type I error was fixated at 5% (p<0,05) as statistically significant. In what refers to the contact of students with carriers and ex-carriers of leprosy, the Medical School had the bigger percentage of contact, 18(90%); in the schools of nutrition, odontology and pharmacy the students that never got in contact represented 8 (100%), 15 (83,33%) and 19 (90,48%), respectively. When questioned on how to cure the leprosy, 18 nursing undergrads (94,74%) and 19 of the Medical School (95%) affirmed that it was possible. However, in the nursing course, 1(5,26%), odontology, 3 (16,67%), pharmacy, 3 (16,67%) and nutrition, 4 (50%) students affirmed not knowing how. A statistically significant difference was presented (p-value<0,036), showing that the expected frequency is equivalent to the observed one. About the knowledge of the incubation period of the etiologic agent, it was revealed that 12 (63,16%) nursing students, 8 (100%) nutrition, 16 (88,89%) odontology and 15 (71,43%) pharmacy students did not know the bacillus incubation period. The p-value = 0,010 showed significance, showing that none of the interviewed nutrition students signed the correct answer. The study shows that the undergraduate students of nutrition, pharmacy and odontology present unsatisfactory knowledge on leprosy.
Subject(s)
Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/prevention & control , Students, Health Occupations , Brazil , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
The Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, with 1208 beds, is situated in an endemic area in which the prevalence of leprosy among adults is 3.4%. Two percent of the beds are occupied by leprosy patients, and about 4000 are seen as outpatients per year. They share with other patients all medical, nursing, laboratory, and other services. The impact of these attitudes and practices on the incidence of leprosy among staff and students was studied. This hospital has 2665 staff, including housekeeping personnel, technicians, nurses, and doctors. There are 777 medical, nursing, and paramedical students. Every employee and student is screened prior to entry into this institution and subjected to routine annual examinations. Of those who at initial screening had no evidence of leprosy, 24 acquired the disease. Sixteen had tuberculoid, two borderline, and six indeterminate leprosy. The attack rate of 0.7% is significantly lower than the incidence or prevalence of leprosy in the area. Factors contributing to this low attack rate are discussed with particular reference to age, sex, educational background, residential status, and area of work. It is suggested that staff and students serving leprosy patients for whom no isolation is practiced do not carry any additional risk of acquiring clinical leprosy.