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2.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol ; 89(4): 558-567, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36331839

ABSTRACT

Introduction Tattoo-associated complications are on the rise due to the popularity of decorative tattoos in recent years. The exact pathogeneses of various tattoo reaction patterns are still unclear, and their dermoscopic details are sparsely reported. Aim We aimed to retrospectively study the clinical, dermoscopic and immunopathological details of patients with non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reaction patterns in a tertiary care centre of East India. Method The clinical, dermoscopic and pathological details of all the patients who had non-infectious, non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions were collected. In all the cases, immunohistochemistry was done for CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD20 and CD56. Results A total of five patients of skin phototypes IV and V and six tattoo reactions were analysed. Five lesions had reactions at the site of a black tattoo, and one at the site of red tattoo. Clinically, the patients presented with erythematous or blue-grey flat-topped to verrucous papules and plaques. Dermoscopic features were dominated by a central white to pink-white structureless area, a peripheral grey-white to bluish-white structureless area, white scales, comedo-like opening with keratotic plugging, milia-like cysts and shiny white structures. Pathologically, except for one lesion that only showed a lichenoid reaction pattern in the red tattoo, all had a combination of reaction patterns. Immunohistochemistry showed increased epidermal and dermal Langerhans cells, predominantly CD8 positive T cells in the epidermis and dermis, sparse dermal B cells and CD4 positive T cells, reduced T regulatory cells and a complete absence of CD56 positive NK cells. Limitations Small sample size was the limitation of the study. Conclusion The clinical morphology and dermoscopy may not differentiate between various types of non-infectious non-eczematous inflammatory tattoo reactions. The immunological profile supports a delayed hypersensitivity reaction due to contact sensitisation to tattoo pigment, and CD8 positive T cells play a central role in executing various pathological reaction patterns, both in the epidermis and dermis.


Subject(s)
Tattooing , Humans , Tattooing/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Skin , Inflammation , India/epidemiology
4.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 158(4): 159-166, 2022 02 25.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33902933

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article is to summarize published information on systemic infective complications of tattoos to gain an update of the current picture. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed database (2009-2019), and compared with a search without year restriction. Eligibility criteria were studies on systemic tattoo-related infections, including case reports, case series, outbreak investigations, reviews, and systematic reviews. RESULTS: We identified 17 manuscripts with systemic infections between 2009 and 2019, with one reported fatality. In contrast to the historical records, no reports of systemic tuberculosis, syphilis or viral (hepatitis or HIV) infections were reported within the study period. A few sporadic cases or Mycobacterium leprae (India) or regional lymphadenopathy associated with skin lesions in non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were identified. Persistent fever with rigour was common in bacterial bloodstream infections. One episode of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and several episodes of septic shock were reported, associated with cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis within two weeks of the procedure, predominantly caused by pyogenic bacteria (S. aureus or streptococcus). Identification of lung or systemic embolisms in the absence of local symptoms, was indicative of (right or left) infective endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial bloodstream infections should be considered in subjects developing fever and rigour after tattoos, regardless of local symptoms. A shift in causative organisms has been documented, when comparing with historical reports. NTM are emerging organisms causing lymphadenopathy. Strict hygiene conditions are essential when performing a tattoo.


Subject(s)
Sepsis , Skin Diseases , Staphylococcal Infections , Tattooing , Humans , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria , Staphylococcus aureus , Tattooing/adverse effects
5.
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat ; 24(3): 223-4, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27663926

ABSTRACT

In the last twenty years, the prevalence of individuals with tattoos in the general population has increased in Europe (1) as well as in Australia (2) and the United States of America (3). A series of complications such as acute inflammatory reactions, allergic contact dermatitis (4,5), photoinduced, lichenoid, and granulomatous reactions (6, 7), pseudolymphoma (8), pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (9), skin infections (6), and skin cancers (10) may occur on tattoos. Infectious complications on tattoos include bacterial infections (pyoderma, leprosy, syphilis, cutaneous tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis) (11-14), viral infections (molluscum contagiosum, warts, herpes simplex, hepatitis B and C) (15-17), and fungal infections (sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis) (18,19). We present the case of a 29-year-old immunocompetent female patient who was consulted for the development of an erythematous-squamous placard that appeared on a tattoo about 18 days after tattooing. Dermatological examination revealed a circular, erythematous, scaly plaque, with centrifugal growth and central resolution, presenting an active, raised, erythematous, vesiculopustular edge, giving the appearance of tinea corporis. The lesion's starting point was on the tattoo in two colors located on the middle third of the left calf and subsequently evolved to beyond the surface of tattoo (Figure 1). No other skin, scalp, or nail lesions were observed. Mycological examination of the material obtained by scraping of the scales and the vesicles from the edges and the surface of the plaque revealed numerous hyphae on direct microscopy examination, and white, flat colonies with a cottony surface and radial grooves developed in Sabouraud dextrose agar culture (Figure 2). Spindle-shaped, thick-walled macroconidia and a few pyriform microconidia were observed on microscopic examinations of the colonies. Based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, Microsporum canis was identified. Gram stain and bacterial culture results were negative. Patient history revealed the presence of a pet dog that was diagnosed with mycosis, the etiologic agent being M. canis. After 21 days of treatment with oral terbinafine (250 mg/day) and topical application of terbinafine 1% cream once a day, the lesion disappeared and mycological examination (direct microscopy and culture) was negative. In the case of tattoos, cutaneous inoculation of a dermatophyte may occur after 1-3 weeks of tattooing, corresponding to the healing phase of the tattoo application. Dermatophyte inoculation can be done by direct contact with an infected person or animal or, exceptionally, by telluric contamination. Despite the increasing number of tattooed people, there are only a few published cases of dermatophytosis arising on tattoos (19,20). Ammirati reported dermatophyte infection caused by Trichophyton tonsurans that occurred two weeks after tattooing, clinically presenting as concentric annular lesions with active vesiculopustular edges which progressively included the entire tattoo (19). Similarly, in our case the infection with M. canis occurred during the healing phase, the dermatophyte lesion occurring after 18 days from tattoo application by direct contact with the dog parasitized with M. canis. In conclusion, dermatophyte infection of tattoos remains possible, although rare.


Subject(s)
Microsporum/isolation & purification , Tattooing/adverse effects , Tinea/diagnosis , Tinea/etiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Tinea/therapy
6.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 20(5): 706-8, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27084829

ABSTRACT

We present a patient who developed inoculation site leprosy in a tattoo, which was confirmed by Mycobacterium leprae DNA sequencing of a polymerase chain reaction product from a skin biopsy. His leprosy became manifest as a paradoxical reaction only after 8 weeks of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy, Lepromatous/microbiology , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , Tattooing/adverse effects , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Adolescent , Biopsy , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Humans , Leprosy, Lepromatous/diagnosis , Leprosy, Lepromatous/drug therapy , Leprosy, Lepromatous/transmission , Male , Mycobacterium leprae/genetics , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23442464

ABSTRACT

Tattooing has been practiced in India since ancient era. It has tremendous religious and spiritual significance. In addition, tattooing for cosmetic purposes has become quite popular in recent times. With this increasing trend, there is also an increased risk of adverse effects. Here, we have described two cases of lichenoid reaction developing to red ink in double- colored tattoos and a case of sarcoidal reaction to green tattoo.


Subject(s)
Lichenoid Eruptions/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Tattooing/adverse effects , Adult , Epidemics , Female , Humans , Lichenoid Eruptions/epidemiology , Lichenoid Eruptions/etiology , Male , Sarcoidosis/epidemiology , Sarcoidosis/etiology , Tattooing/trends , Young Adult
12.
Med Mal Infect ; 41(3): 115-22, 2011 Mar.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21144685

ABSTRACT

Decorative tattooing is made by introducing exogenous pigments and/or dyes into the dermis to permanently mark the body for decorative or other reasons. Unfortunately, this procedure is not harmless and various complications may occur including the potential inoculation of virulent microorganisms in the dermis. Cutaneous infections usually develop within days to weeks after the procedure and may include: pyogenic infections (staphylococcus, streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.), but also atypical bacteria (commensal mycobacteria, tuberculosis, leprosy, etc.), viral infections (molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris, herpes, etc.), and also fungal and parasitic infections. This review focuses on dermatological infections occurring on tattoos and their management.


Subject(s)
Skin Diseases, Infectious/etiology , Tattooing/adverse effects , Adult , Ceremonial Behavior , Child , Dermatomycoses/etiology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/transmission , Equipment Contamination , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Needles/microbiology , Skin/microbiology , Skin/virology , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/etiology , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/transmission , Skin Diseases, Infectious/transmission , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/etiology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/transmission , Skin Diseases, Viral/etiology , Skin Diseases, Viral/transmission , Skin Diseases, Viral/virology , Wound Infection/microbiology , Wound Infection/parasitology , Wound Infection/virology , Young Adult
13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20228546

ABSTRACT

Hair coloring with henna has been popular in Turkey for years. In recent years since the tattoos are applied by the street vendors in most of the beach places in Turkey, skin coloring with henna has also increased. Henna can be used alone or in combination with other coloring agents. Henna alone can be safe but due to additives such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD), p-toluenediamine and various essential oils, allergic contact reactions may occur. We report a 22-year-old man who developed severe inflammatory and keloidal, moderately bullous allergic reaction after henna paint-on tattoo. We did a patch test separately with these painting products (henna powder, PPD) and with the European standard series. PPD was strongly positive (+++) on day 2 and remained positive for following days. After treating with topical clobetasol-17 butyrate, resolution was obtained in two weeks. But some keloidal reaction remained.


Subject(s)
Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology , Keloid/chemically induced , Keloid/pathology , Phenylenediamines/adverse effects , Tattooing/adverse effects , Allergens/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Humans , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/diagnosis , Inflammation/pathology , Keloid/diagnosis , Male , Oils/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
17.
Lepr Rev ; 75(1): 91-4, 2004 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15072131

ABSTRACT

Tattoo inoculation borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy in upgrading reaction with prominent tattoo oedema developing after starting paucibacillary multidrug therapy (PB MDT) is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. An excellent response to oral steroids and PB MDT was seen. There is only one similar report in the literature.


Subject(s)
Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/drug therapy , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/transmission , Tattooing/adverse effects , Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/pathology , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Risk Assessment , Skin/microbiology , Skin/pathology
18.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 16(5): 494-9, 2002 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12428846

ABSTRACT

Thirty-one female patients with leprosy lesions starting over tattoo marks observed over a period of 16 years are reported. All the patients belonged to the Chhattisgarh State, which is highly endemic for leprosy. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. All of them had ornamental tattooing done by roadside tattoo artists, who used unsterile needles for tattooing a large gathering one after another with the same needles. In all of them, the first lesion of leprosy started over a tattoo mark. Twenty-five cases had only single lesion of leprosy exclusively confined to tattoo marks. The duration between tattooing and appearance of first lesion in most of the cases varied from 10 to 20 years. Paucibacillary leprosy was the commonest type observed in 29 cases, while two had multibacillary leprosy. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all cases. The present report supports the hypothesis of transmission of leprosy in these cases through tattooing. To the best of our knowledge, such a large collection of leprosy cases subsequent to tattooing has not been reported so far.


Subject(s)
Leprosy/transmission , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/etiology , Tattooing/adverse effects
19.
s.l; s.n; 2002. 6 p. ilus, tab.
Non-conventional in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1240946

ABSTRACT

Thirty-one female patients with leprosy lesions starting over tattoo marks observed over a period of 16 years are reported. All the patients belonged to the Chhattisgarh State, which is highly endemic for leprosy. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. All of them had ornamental tattooing done by roadside tattoo artists, who used unsterile needles for tattooing a large gathering one after another with the same needles. In all of them, the first lesion of leprosy started over a tattoo mark. Twenty-five cases had only single lesion of leprosy exclusively confined to tattoo marks. The duration between tattooing and appearance of first lesion in most of the cases varied from 10 to 20 years. Paucibacillary leprosy was the commonest type observed in 29 cases, while two had multibacillary leprosy. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all cases. The present report supports the hypothesis of transmission of leprosy in these cases through tattooing. To the best of our knowledge, such a large collection of leprosy cases subsequent to tattooing has not been reported so far.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/etiology , Leprosy/transmission , Tattooing/adverse effects
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