ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory disease processes that are often multifactorial in their etiology but commonly have a molecular genetic component. OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular genetics of a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases of the sinonasal tract. DATA SOURCES: Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: (1) chronic rhinosinusitis, (2) infectious diseases, and (3) autoimmune diseases/vasculitides. The molecular diagnosis and pathways of a variety of these inflammatory lesions are currently being elucidated and will shed light on disease pathogenesis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by inflammatory lesions that arise through complex interactions of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors. Because these lesions are all inflammatory in nature, the molecular pathology surrounding them is most commonly due to upregulation and down-regulation of genes that affect inflammatory responses and immune regulation.
Subject(s)
Nose Diseases/genetics , Aspirin/adverse effects , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/genetics , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/immunology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/genetics , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/immunology , Humans , Infections/genetics , Infections/immunology , Leishmaniasis/genetics , Leishmaniasis/immunology , Leprosy/genetics , Leprosy/immunology , Mycoses/genetics , Mycoses/immunology , Nose Diseases/immunology , Rhinitis/genetics , Rhinitis/immunology , Rhinoscleroma/genetics , Rhinoscleroma/immunology , Sarcoidosis/genetics , Sarcoidosis/immunology , Sinusitis/genetics , Sinusitis/immunology , Vasculitis/genetics , Vasculitis/immunologyABSTRACT
Considerable genetic evidence exit for ANCA-associated vasculitis and pathogenesis. HLA A and B alleles identified serologically from 84 ANCA-positive patients were compared with 101 controls. Further subtyping were done in the 27 "pauci-immune" vasculitis patients using the polymerase chain reaction based PCR-SSOP technique and compared with controls (67). The results revealed that HLA A1 (OR=4.00; p value 2.72E-05), B17 (OR=3.38; p value 0.0008) and HLA B40 (OR=2.74; p value 0.001) were significantly increased among ANCA-positive patients when compared with the controls. Further, the molecular subtypes A*0101 (OR=5.04; p value 0.0005), B*5801 (OR=4.47; p value 0.0002) and haplotype A*0101-B*5801 (OR=4.47; p value 0.0001) were significantly increased among the autoimmune patients. The study revealed that HLA A1, B17 and B40 alleles are associated in production of antineutrophil autoantibodies and A*0101-B*5801 haplotype is significantly associated with autoimmune diseases and they may be invariably involved in disease pathogenesis in India.