RESUMEN
El libro resalta que la lepra continúa siendo una enfermedad presente en Colombia y que aún constituye un problema de salud pública importante por los costos sociales, económicos y de sufrimiento humano que conlleva. Sabiendo que la literatura sobre el tema es escasa en nuestro medio, este libro surge como una herramienta de consulta creada para médicos y otros profesionales de salud, con la certeza de que es preciso mejorar la oportunidad del diagnóstico. Siendo fundamental que, durante su proceso formativo, todos los profesionales de la salud adquieran conocimientos sobre dicha enfermedad, que cada día se hace más visible por sus secuelas y diagnóstico tardío.
The book highlights the fact that leprosy continues to be a disease present in Colombia and that it is still a major public health problem due to the social, economic and human suffering costs it entails. Knowing that the literature on the subject is scarce in our country, this book is intended as a reference tool for doctors and other health professionals, in the knowledge that it is necessary to improve the timeliness of diagnosis. It is essential that, during their training process, all health professionals acquire knowledge about this disease, which is becoming more and more visible every day due to its sequelae and late diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Colombia , Lepra , Epidemiología , Lepra/clasificación , Lepra/genética , Lepra/historia , Lepra/patología , Lepra/epidemiología , Mycobacterium lepraeRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and factors associated with relapse in multibacillary leprosy. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study on multibacillary leprosy patients treated at Centro Dermatologico Federico Lleras Acosta between January 1994 and December 2004. By survival analysis we studied the incidence density for recurrence and bacillary index conversion. The assessment of risk factors associated with the occurrence of relapse was constructed using a Cox regression model. RESULTS: We included 299 cases of which 243 received WHO-MB MDT on a regular basis, and followed them up to assess the frequency of relapses. We obtained 490 person-years of follow-up and an incidence density of 6.70 relapses/100 patient-years that was higher than most of the data reported in the literature. The relapse rate was 9.80 per 100 person-years when the initial bacillary index was > or = 2.0 and 5.60 relapses/100 patient-years when it was < 2 (P = 0.03). The relapse rate increased to 7.70/100 patient-years among those treated with WHO-MB 24 month fixed-dose, and it reduced to 5.70/100 patient-years when treated until smear negative. The variables that showed association with relapse were: initial bacillary index > or = 2.0, antireactional treatment and clinical classification of lepromatous leprosy. For each variable, the risk was four to five times more likely to present relapse. We also found that 21 patients' BI became negative per 100 treated for 1 year with WHO-MB MDT. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high relapse rate associated with initial high bacillary index in the Colombian population. Among the patients who received MDT on a regular basis 33 out of 165 (20%) relapsed.