RESUMEN
Introducción: La conexión entre la lepra y los factores sociales, tienen implicación tanto para el paciente, como para la operatividad de los programas de control de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar factores antropológicos socio-demográficos en la incidencia de lepra en el municipio Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal retrospectivo. El universo lo conformaron los pacientes con diagnósticos de lepra incluidos en el periodo que abarcó el estudio y pertenecientes al municipio Camagüey. Las variables estudiadas fueron: formas clínicas según clasificación sanitaria, edad, sexo, área de salud, procedencia geográfica (rural o urbana), ingreso económico familiar e índice de hacinamiento. La información obtenida fue procesada mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS v21. Los métodos empleados fueron estadística descriptiva de distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados del estudio se expusieron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: La lepra multibacilar fue la de mayor incidencia, predominó el grupo de edad entre los 20 y 59 años, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el mayor por ciento de casos se observó en las áreas de salud Norte y Previsora, más de las cuatro quintas parte de los pacientes pertenecían a la zona urbana, la mayoría de ellos tenían un ingreso económico familiar malo y predominó el índice sin hacinamiento. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario profundizar en el estudio de los factores antropológicos sociales que pudieran favorecer la adquisición de esta enfermedad.
Introduction: The connection between leprosy and social factors has implications both for the patient and for the operation of the control programs for this disease. Objective: To characterize socio-demographic anthropological factors in the incidence of leprosy in the Camagüey municipality. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The universe was made up of patients diagnosed with leprosy included in the period covered by the study and belonging to the municipality of Camagüey. The variables studied were: clinical forms according to health classification, age, sex, health area, geographical origin (rural or urban), family economic income and overcrowding index. The information obtained was processed using the statistical package SPSS v21. The methods used were descriptive statistics of absolute and relative frequency distribution. The results of the study were presented in tables and graphs. Results: Multibacillary leprosy was the one with the highest incidence, the age group between 20 and 59 years old prevailed, with a predominance of males, the highest percentage of cases was observed in the North and Previsory health areas, more than four fifths parts of the patients belonged to urban areas, most of them had a poor family income and the index without overcrowding prevailed. Conclusions: It is necessary to deepen the study of the social anthropological factors that could favor the acquisition of this disease.
RESUMEN
In Kiribati, unlike most countries, high and increasing numbers of cases of leprosy have been reported despite the availability of multidrug therapy and efforts to improve case finding and management. Historic records show that 28 cases had been identified by 1925. A systematic population survey in 1997 identified 135 new cases; the mean incidence rate for 1993-1997 was 7.4/10,000 population. After administering mass chemoprophylaxis, the country reached the elimination threshold (prevalence <1/10,000), but case numbers have rebounded. The mean annualized rate of new cases in 2013-2017 was 15/10,000 population, with the highest new case rates (>20/10,000 population) in the main population centers of South Tarawa and Betio. Spread is expected to continue in areas where crowding and poor socioeconomic conditions persist and may accelerate as sea levels rise from climate change. New initiatives to improve social conditions are needed, and efforts such as postexposure chemoprophylaxis should be implemented to prevent spread.