RESUMEN
Application of growing degree day-water budget analysis and satellite climatology to vector-borne parasites will be reviewed to demonstrate the value of using the unique thermal-hydrological preferences and limits of tolerance of individual parasite-vector systems to define the environmental niche of disease agents in the landscape by modern geospatial analysis methods. Applications of geospatial modeling will be illustrated by examples on fascioliasis, malaria, leprosy and leishmaniasis.
Asunto(s)
Clima , Vectores de Enfermedades , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Enfermedades Parasitarias/epidemiología , Comunicaciones por Satélite , Nave Espacial , Aedes/parasitología , Animales , China/epidemiología , Ecología , Eritrea/epidemiología , Etiopía/epidemiología , Fasciola/fisiología , Fascioliasis/epidemiología , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , América Latina/epidemiología , Leishmania infantum/fisiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Lepra/epidemiología , Lepra/transmisión , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Enfermedades Parasitarias/transmisión , Plasmodium falciparum/fisiología , Psychodidae/parasitología , Lluvia , Caracoles/parasitología , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Laboratory reared Aedes aegypti and Culex fatigans were experimentally fed on untreated lepromatous leprosy patients and the proboscides, guts and faeces of the mosquitoes were examiend at 12 hour intervals to determine the persistence and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae. In A. aegypti, bacilli persisted in proboscis till 156 hours, in gut 96 hours, and in faeces 72 hours after feeding. In C. fatigans--proboscides 144 hours, gut 96 hours and faeces 72 hours after feeding. In A. aegypti solid bacilli were present in proboscis upto 96 hours; in gut 48 hours and in faeces 42 hours after feeding. Corresponding figures for C. fatigans were: 144 hours for proboscis, 48 hours for gut, solid bacilli being absent in faeces. The results are discussed from the point of view of arthropod transmission.