RESUMO
Although malignant melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer, it is the most aggressive and fatal type as it can spread out and metastasize progressively. Early diagnosis and interventions lead to improved patient survival. The incidence rate of melanoma is dramatically increasing, with a few newer therapeutic options available. Therefore, establishing a reliable genetic or epigenetic-based diagnostic and prognostic tool is really important. In this review, we highlight the underlying epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma. Furthermore, the epigenetic-based therapeutic options will be also discussed. One of the key areas of discussion will be microRNA which is a small, single-stranded RNA molecule that serves as a regulatory element and found to regulate nearly a third of human genes. MicroRNAs play a role in a wide range of diseases including cancer. In malignant cells, it regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
Assuntos
Epigênese Genética/genética , Terapia Genética/métodos , Melanoma/genética , Mutação/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Humanos , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Concomitant leprosy and tuberculosis is reported infrequently. Literature suggests that the infrequent occurrence of both leprosy and tuberculosis is based on the transmission dynamics of both the infections. CASE PRESENTATION: Two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in patients being treated with glucocorticoids for complications of leprosy are reported. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should recognize corticosteroid treated leprosy patients as a population likely to develop concomitant tuberculosis.