[Research and application of intelligent hyperspectral analysis technology for Chinese materia medica].

With the development of imaging technology and artificial intelligence, hyperspectral imaging technology provides a fast, non-destructive, intelligent, and precise new method for the analysis of Chinese materia medica(CMM). This paper summarized the methods and applications of hyperspectral imaging technology combined with intelligent analysis technology in the field of CMM in recent years, focusing on the acquisition and preprocessing of hyperspectral data, intelligent analysis methods of hyperspectral data, and practical cases of these technologies in the field of CMM. Hyperspectral data of CMM can provide spectral information with nanometer-level resolution and rich spatial texture information simultaneously. This paper summarized the acquisition process, including black-and-white board calibration and region-of-interest extraction, and preprocessing methods including smoothing, differentiation, scale-space, and scattering correction. The feature extraction methods in terms of spectral, spatial, color, and texture were briefly described, and common modeling methods were summarized. Finally, this paper reviewed the research cases of the application of the above methods to the fields of CMM, such as authenticity identification, origin tracing, variety recognition, year identification, sulfur fumigation degree determination, and quantitative measurement.

[Analysis of projects funded by NSFC in field of Chinese material medica resource in recent three years].

The paper reviewed the sponsorship and final reports of projects focus on Science of Chinese materia medica resource in Medical Science Department, National Natural Science Foundation of China. The applicant and supportive organizations were analyzed. The progress and results of some projects were summarized by research fields including formation mechanism of Dao-di herbs, research of plant taxonomy, breeding and cultivation of medical plants, ecological and environmental adaptability of Chinese materia medica resource, quality assessment of Chinese materia medica resource, and biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds. In addition, the potential problems and the most and least focused areas in the application were summarized for reference.

[Analysis of projects funded by NSFC in field of processing Chinese materia medica in recent five years].

The general situation of the approved and concluded projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of processing Chinese Materia Medica in recent five years has been reviewed. The progresses and achievements of some projects have been summarized in accordance with research area such as the processing principle, the processing technology, quality evaluation, toxicity and safety evaluation, etc. The researchers and project support units of the funded projects have been analyzed, and the problems of the applications have been also summarized.

[Applications and approved projectsof general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developedregion of national natural science funds in discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2012].

The applications accepted and approved by general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developed region of national natural science funds in the discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2012 have been introduced. The research contents of the funded projects in the popular research areas have been summarized and the problems in the applications have been analyzed to give a reference to the scientists in the field of Chinese materia medica.

[Degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment].

This is to report the study of degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Enzymatic reactions were terminated by adjusting the solution pH or using membrane bioreactor principle. Earthworm protein concentration change was detected by Bradford method, the degraded state of protein was described with SDS-PAGE technology, and the degraded state of small molecule substances was detected by HPLC. The results showed that earthworm protein degraded completely in artificial gastric juice. High molecular weight protein degraded greatly in artificial intestinal fluid, while low molecular weight protein was not significantly degraded. Small molecular substances degradation did not degrade in artificial gastric juice, while they degraded obviously in artificial intestinal fluid, there is even new small molecule substance appeared. Finally it is concluded that the substance that having therapeutic effects in vivo may be some degraded peptide, amino acid and stable small molecules existed in artificial intestinal fluid.

[Brief review about compatibility and their pharmacological effects of Chinese material medica as tranquilizer].

The paper summarized the sedative pharmacological effects of CMM, which were reported in the past 10 years. Those sedative CMMs were found in several type of Chinese medicine, such as tranquilizing the mind, calming the liver to stop the wind, general tonic, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, heat-clearing drugs, exterior-releasing drugs, drugs for resuscitation, diuresis-inducing and dampness-draining drugs, ect. Out of them, the general tonic drugs were used in many occasions. Two Chinese herbs, jujube seed and polygala were used popularly as sedative drugs. And their effects have something to do with heart Meridian and liver Meridian. The Locomotor activity, sleeping test and forcing swimming were used commonly to detect the sedative effects. The sedative mechanisms of those CMM were related with neuro-transmitters such as Dopamine (DA), 5-HT and gamma-GABA, etc.

The improvement effects of edible bird's nest on proliferation and activation of B lymphocyte and its antagonistic effects on immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide.

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is regarded as an immune-enhancing food in the People's Republic of China. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficiency of EBN in improving the immunity of mouse both in vivo and in vitro. We observed the effects of EBN on spleen lymphocytes proliferation and activation, as well as immunoglobulin isotypes as indicators. In addition, we evaluated the content of total sIgA in the intestinal juice to assess mucosal immunity. The results showed that EBN could promote the proliferation and activation of B-cells and increase IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG3 levels. We also found that EBN extract can promote the secretion of sIgA in the small intestine. Using cyclophosphamide (CY), we established an immunosuppressed mouse model in which we identified a reversal influence on the ratio of CD3(+)/CD19(+) cells, which indicates that EBN also protects B-cells from the damage induced by CY. We also applied polymyxin B to exclude the interference of lipopolysaccharide throughout the experiment. In conclusion, we found that EBN can reduce the intestinal immune injury induced by CY by accelerating the proliferation and activation of B-cells and enhancing antibody secretion of B-cells.

[Determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in hippocampus by HPLC method].

OBJECTIVE: A method was established for the determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in Hippocampus by HPLC. METHODS: The HPLC system consisted of a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with methanol-water (2:98, V/V) as the mobile phase. The wavelength of detection was 254 nm. RESULTS: The linear range of hypoxanthine and xanthine were 29.0-464.0 ng (r = 0.99996) and 24.5-392.0 ng (r = 0.9995) respectively. The average recovery of hypoxanthine was 100.73%, RSD = 1.31% (n = 6). The average recovery of xanthine was 100.54%, RSD = 1.14% (n = 6). CONCLUSION: This method is convenient and the result is accurate. It can be used for quality control of Hippocampus.