ABSTRACT
Resumo O vitalismo canguilhemiano não é evidente, tampouco é uma forma mais conhecida desse tipo de pensamento; não nasce das antigas diatribes que, do século XVIII, invadiram as polêmicas do XIX. Canguilhem reabilita o vitalismo a partir de uma abordagem ontológica única, para a qual ele não hesita em referenciar-se nos antigos e, de modo geral, num Hipócrates que, lido sobretudo por meio da história escrita por Charles Singer, traz à tona outros temas, como a crítica ao conceito de homeostase revivido e nomeado por Walter Cannon. Canguilhem redimensiona a homeostase hipocrática que Cannon cientificizou, dando-lhe uma mobilidade que lhe é conceitualmente essencial, e redesenha o projeto do vitalismo, recusando-lhe a antítese do mecanicismo. Dessa forma, Canguilhem foi buscar ou se respaldar num Hipócrates lido pelos historiadores da medicina (e das ciências biomédicas). Este artigo procurou mapear a contribuição de longa duração de Georges Canguilhem para o discurso médico, bem como seu papel fundador de uma nova concepção de normalidade a partir da sua concepção de vitalismo, que, para ele, é herdeira de um "espírito hipocrático".
Abstract Canguilhem's vitalism is not obvious, neither does is consist of a more known form of this type of thinking; it does not come from the old diatribes that, coming from the 19th century, are still relevant to the 20th century's discussions. Canguilhem reclaims vitalism from a unique ontological approach, and does not hesitate to allude to the classics and, most of all, to a Hippocrates that, read mainly through the perspective of the history written by Charles Singer, brings to light other themes such as the critic to the concept of homeostasis revitalized and named by Walter Cannon. Canguilhem gives another perspective to Hippocrates' homeostasis, that was "scientified" by Cannon, giving it mobility that is considered essential to its concept and redraws the vitalism project, rejecting the place of mechanism antithesis. This paper aimed to map Canguilhem's longue durée contribution to the medical discourse, as well as his funding role of a new conception of normality formulated from his own interpretation of a vitalism that, in his point of view, comes from a "Hippocratic spirit".
Subject(s)
Humans , Vitalism , Health-Disease Process , Medicine/trends , Natural History of DiseasesABSTRACT
El present trabajo expone de manera detallada los principios fundamentales de la filosofía científica creados por Hipócrates, y el respeto que la homeopatía ha tenido por ellos. El autor destaca el nacimiento de una nueva escuela médica (1918), denominada neohipocratismo, y afirma que sus preceptos son los mismos que enseñan los homeópatas desde principios de 1800. Es evidente, señaló el doctor Mendiola Quezada, que existe una coincidencia clara entre ambos movimientos que podría resumirse con las siguientes máximas: "el enfermo es la única realidad en medcina" y "la enfermedad es sólo una ficción, una necesidad de clasificación".La conferencia, dictada en 1963 en el marco de la VI Jornadas Médicas del Hsopital Nacional Homeopático, fu sumamente optimista ya que p´reveía que el movimiento neohipocrático podría convertirse "en el punto de confluencia de las dos tendenciasm, alopatía y homeopatía, pudiendo llegar a ser el puente que salve el innecesario abismo entre ambas entidades".(AU)
This paper describes in detail the fundamental principles of thr Hippocrates scientific philosophy and the respect that homeopathy has had for it. The author emphasizes the rise of a new medical school in 1918, called neohippocratism, and states that its provisions are the same that are taught in homeopathy since 1800. It is clear, Dr. Mendiola Quezada affirms, that could be summed up with the following aphorisms: "the patient is the only reality in medicine" and "the ailment is only a fiction, a need for classification".The lecture, issued in 1963 in the agenda of the VI Medical Meeting of the National Homeopathic Hospital, was highly optimistic as he expected foreseeing that the neohippocratic movement could becime "the point of confluence of two trends, Allopathy and Homeopathy, making the bridge to save the unnecessary gap between these two entities.(AU)
Subject(s)
Homeopathy , Philosophy, MedicalABSTRACT
La Homeopatía tiene su origen en la obra de su fundador, Samuel Hahnemann, y entre sus escritos más importantes está en primer lugar el Organon, que fue corregidoy editado seis veces. A través de la historia de esta disciplina se han hecho diversas interpretaciones de los conceptos principales, lo que obliga hoy volver aHahnemann y confrontarlo con sus exégetas e intérpretes. Se analizan principalmente conceptos como fuerza vital, Natura morborum medicatrix e hipocratismo.Se despoja a la Homeopatía de toda aura espiritual y filosófica para situarla como lo que es: una disciplina médica con fundamentos científicos. (AU)
Homeopathy has its origins in the works of Samuel Hahnemann, of which the Organon is the most important. Organon was corrected and edited six times. Throughout the history of this discipline, the interpretation of the main concepts have been diverse which prompts a return to Hahnemann and confronts him with his exegetes and interpreters. The main concepts analyzed are the vital force, Natura Morborum Medicatrix and analyzed hipocratism. Stripping Homeopathy of all the spiritual and philosophical aura, to place it as it is, a medical discipline with scientific basis. (AU)