Control of Rhipicephalus microplusticks in dairy cattle using homeopathic therapy

The negative impact of Rhipicephalus microplusinfestations on cattle farming is well-known. The main control method is the use of ixodicides, which have as side effects environmental contamination, the selection of resistant lineages, and toxicity. Their use is also prohibited in systems that produce organic and agroecological food. Such factors reinforce the importance of strengthening researchrelated to the application of homeopathic principles in animal production. Aim: In this setting, this work aimed at assessing the efficacy of the homeopathic therapy to control Rhipicephalus microplusticks in dairy cattle. Methodology: 63 crossbred and Girolando breed cows, 1 and 9 years of age, naturally infested by ticks and created under a semi-intensive system in three farms (1, 2,and 3) were assayed. The animals were divided into three control groups and three treated groups, using the drug product EndectoSigo® (Psorinum12 CH, Sulphur 12CH, Ledum palustre12 CH, Cina12 CH e Apis mell.7CH) at a dose of 10 g/animal/day added to mineral and/or food supplement. The visual counting of teleogines with the size equal to or higher than four millimeters indiameter was performed in the neck or udder area of the animal. Pluviometry and registration of ixodicide baths were performed as well.The means obtained were compared by using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Results: The mean number of teleogines on farm 1was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treatment group. As for farms 2 and 3, there was no statistical difference between the groups (treated and control); however, it was observed that two ixodicide baths were required in the control group (farm 2). Thepluviometry did not interfere with the manifestation. Conclusion: It was concluded that the homeopathic treatment has the efficacy required to control this tick in cattle and can be an alternative to the use of chemical ixodicides.

Neurobehavioral assessment of Danio reriointoxicated by Mercury and the use of Mercurius solubilis

Mercury is used in various industrial. Part of Mercury's industrial waste is discharged into the environment, rivers and their tributaries, thus contaminating aquatic animals. Aim:to evaluate Mercury-induced behavioral changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by the analysis of locomotor activity and parameters related to neurotoxicity and to verify whether ultra-diluted substances can decrease neurobehavioral effects and toxic. Methodology:The fishes were separated into 4 monitoring aquariums with 8 fishes each, with temperature, pH controlled, until the time of the toxicological experiments. 0.5 mL of Mercury 6cH, 30cH and distilled water (positive control) were added per liter of water in each aquarium containing 6 liters of water, then 3 mL of medication per aquarium, the white control received no medication and the toxic agent. After 1 hour the drugs were added, toxic mercury (200 µg/L), 4 mL per aquarium was added and remained so for 24 hours. All the experiment was run in blind, and the drugs identified by codes. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests (Open Field-locomotion; Vertical Open Field for neurotoxicity evaluation and Light and Dark Test), and each stage was recorded for later evaluation of movements and neurobehavioral changes. ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test, with p <0.05. Results: Mercury produced an anxiogenic effect in animals that were submitted to it without medication. In the vertical open field, there was an increase in erratic movements (1.25 ± 1.0) and tremors (0.87 ± 0.35) compared to the control (0.12 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46 respectively), proving the toxic effect. Fishes which received the medication at 6 cH and 30 ch showed tremors and erratic movements similar to control. Conclusion:200 µg/L mercury in water can cause neurobehavioral disturbances in fishes, and animals receiving Mercurius6 cH and 30 cH ultra-diluted drug did not show neurotoxicity.

Homeopathic and larvicide effect of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil against Aedes aegypti

The aim of this work to study the homeopathic and larvicide effect of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil on Aedes aegypti. Essential oil had high larvicide effect with LC50 and LC90 of 0.38 and 0.27 mg mL-1, respectively. Generally, the homeopathy of essential oil affected the A. aegypti development stages. Dynamizations 6CH, 9CH and 12CH reduced the mean number of larvae when compared to that of control. Mean number of mosquitoes decreased through homeopathic dynamization 30CH. Results showed that E. cinerea essential oil was highly promising and could be used in public health system for the control of A. aegypti.

O efeito larvicida e homeopático do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus cinerea sobre o Aedes aegypti foi aqui analisado. Foram estudados os efeitos larvicida (doses de 0 a 100 mg mL-1) e homeopático (dinamizações 3CH, 6CH, 9CH, 12CH e 30CH) do óleo essencial de E. cinerea sobre os estádios de desenvolvimento do Aedes aegypti. O óleo essencial apresentou grande poder larvicida com LC50 e LC90 de 0,38 mg mL e 0,27 mg/mL, respectivamente. As homeopatias do óleo essencial, de modo geral, influenciaram nos estádios de desenvolvimento do A. aegypti. As dinamizações 6CH, 9CH e 12CH reduziram o número médio de larvas em comparação com o controle. O número médio de mosquito foi reduzido pela dinamização homeopática 30CH. Os resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de E. cinerea tem grande potencial para ser utilizado nos programas de saúde pública para o controle do A. aegypti. A homeopatia do óleo essencial interferiu na biologia do Aedes aegypti e deve ser objeto de estudo em futuros experimentos.