ABSTRACT
Neuroleptics, antidepressants, lithium, anxiolytics, and hypnotics may be excreted in breast milk. Because of the danger to the neonate, drugs such as diazepam, lithium, bromides, reserpine, and opium alkaloids should not be given to lactating women, and barbiturates, haloperidol, and penfluridol should be administered with caution. The side effects produced as a result of breast-feeding of the infant by mothers consuming psychotropic drugs are reviewed and possible preventive measures are discussed.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/chemically induced , Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects , Barbiturates/adverse effects , Bromides/adverse effects , Diazepam/adverse effects , Female , Haloperidol/adverse effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control , Lactation , Lithium/adverse effects , Milk, Human/metabolism , Opium/adverse effects , Penfluridol/adverse effects , Pregnancy , Psychotropic Drugs/metabolism , Reserpine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The authors found that the course and treatment of narcotic withdrawal in two neonates was complicated by prenatal exposure to high doses of diazepam, or Valium (Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ). Both of the mothers were on methadone maintenance for narcotic dependency prior to the diagnosis of pregnancy. The authors documented maternal intake of diazepam in the range of 40-60 mg/day for a duration of 4-27 weeks prior to delivery. Both infants initially responded well to medical therapy for narcotic withdrawal, but at 7-14 days of age, withdrawal symptoms intensified, requiring an increase in the dosages of Paregoric (UDL Laboratories, Rockford, IL) and opium tincture in both infants and the addition of phenobarbital therapy in one infant. Both infants continued on medical therapy until they reached 1 month of age. Diazepam use by pregnant women can be associated with a later presentation of withdrawal symptoms in the neonate than that induced by the use of other drugs. Close follow-up during the first month of life is warranted for infants exposed to diazepam prenatally.
Subject(s)
Diazepam , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/chemically induced , Methadone/administration & dosage , Pregnancy Complications/chemically induced , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Adult , Diazepam/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy , Male , Methadone/adverse effects , Opium/therapeutic use , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Phenobarbital/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Fetus/drug effects , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/chemically induced , Pregnancy Complications , Substance-Related Disorders , Alcoholism , Birth Weight/drug effects , Chlorpromazine , Diazepam/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Opioid-Related Disorders , Opium , Phenobarbital , PregnancyABSTRACT
Des effets indesirables des medicaments et de certaines substances a priori anodines