ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to investigate the environmental, feeding, and health management of organic (ORG) family dairy farms in the south of Brazil in comparison with conventional (CONV) farms, and to assess their degree of compliance with Brazilian organic legislation and the strategies they adopt to accomplish this (n=17 per group). During 2 visits to each farm in March and September, 2010, observations were made on the environment, feed, and health management, followed by bulk milk testing, clinical evaluation, and breed assessment of each individual cow, and an evaluation of diseases and treatments reported within the period. Additional data were collected directly from the farmers through direct interviews. The number of lactating cows was, on average, 11 (range 5 to 19) in the ORG and 16 (range 7 to 42) in the CONV herds. The ORG herds presented a lower percentage of the Holstein breed; whereas CONV herds were predominantly Holstein, in the ORG herds, only 2 herds were 100% Holstein and the remaining herds were crosses of Holstein, Jersey, and Gir (Bos indicus) cattle. Milk production per cow was lower (10.2 vs. 15.1 ± 1.22 L/cow, respectively) in ORG than in the CONV farms. The ORG farms offered less concentrate feed than CONV farms and had better pasture management. Organic farmers reported using phytotherapic and homeopathic products, and pasture management as a strategy to keep infection levels of endo- and ectoparasites low, whereas CONV farmers regularly used anthelmintics and acaricides. Milk production was lower in ORG than in CONV farms, but cow health and condition scores were broadly similar, indicating that the with these strategies ORG farms were able to secure levels of animal welfare comparable with CONV farms while complying with organic regulation, although at the cost of lower cow productivity.
Subject(s)
Dairying/methods , Dairying/standards , Organic Agriculture/methods , Organic Agriculture/standards , Animal Feed/standards , Animal Welfare , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Diet/standards , Diet/veterinary , Female , Food Quality , Genotype , Government Regulation , Lactation , MilkABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido cítrico a 1 e 2 por cento na manutenção de qualidade de pêssegos "Regis" minimamente processados, durante 9 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração (5+- 1ºC e 85-87 por cento UR) e atmosfera modificada passiva. Foram realizadas análises de cor, firmeza, textura, sólidos solúveis,a cidez titulável, pH, CO2 e O2. Observaram-se aumentos no valor a e redução nos valores b e L no pêssego minimamente processado., independentemente do tratamento com ácido cítrico, indicando escurecimento do produto principalmente no 9º dia de armazenamento. De maneira geral, os teores de acidez titulável e pH variaram entre os dias de armazenamento e entr as concentrações estudadas, ao contrário da textura que se mostrou maior no tratamento com 2 por cento de ácido cítrico. Pode-se concluir que nehuma das concentrações de ácido cítrico testadas foi eficente na preservação do escurecimento enzimático dos pêssegos minimamente processados, armazenados a 5+- 1ºC e 85-87 por cento UR em atmosfera modificada passiva.
Subject(s)
Amygdalus persica/analysis , Citric Acid , Food Handling , Food QualityABSTRACT
El presente desarrolla la influencia de la alimentación sobre los efectos de los medicamentos, ya que es frecuente que se presenten efectos adversos imprevisibles o que se produzcan respuestas farmacológicas distintas a la esperada. Se incluye las recomendaciones para la toma de medicamentos extraídas de la revisión bibliográfica efectuada sobre la temática
Subject(s)
Food Quality , Food-Drug Interactions , Nutritional Sciences , Pharmacology , Quality of Homeopathic RemediesABSTRACT
Su propósito fue fortalecer los sistemas de registro y evaluación de los medicamentos, alimentos y cosméticos que se comercializan en el país teniendo como marco de referencia las políticas de simplificación administrativa y la reinserción del Perú dentro del mercado internacional