ABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid, which is used for management of ectopic pregnancy. MTX-related toxicity may include cutaneous mucosal damage, bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal disorders (gastritis, diarrhea, hematitis), liver and kidney function damage, pulmonary toxicity, cardiac toxicity, and nerve toxicity. However, it is not usual for vulvar edema induced by low-dose methotrexate. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this case report, we described a patient with severe vulvar edema and oral cavity ulceration and scalp ulceration induced by low-dose MTX treatment for ectopic pregnancy. Her presenting complaints were pain in the vulva, oral cavity, and scalp. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed based on clinical findings for MTX toxic reactions. INTERVENTIONS: Vulva was disinfectioned with iodide and Kangfuxin solution, her mouth was rinsed with mouthwash. Three compound glycyrrhizin tablets were orally administered (3âtimes/day). After 10 days, the broken skin and mucous membrane healed. OUTCOMES: The vulvar edema and oral cavity ulceration and scalp ulceration healed. LESSONS: Our study demonstrated that even low-dose MTX can be induced skin and mucosal injury, patients and doctors should timely detection of drug toxicity reactions, immediately rescue, prompt discontinuation of medication, and symptomatic treatment to avoid accidental occurrence.
Subject(s)
Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Pregnancy, Ectopic/drug therapy , Trichomonas Vaginitis/drug therapy , Vulvar Diseases/chemically induced , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Administration, Oral , Adult , China , Female , Glycyrrhizic Acid/administration & dosage , Glycyrrhizic Acid/therapeutic use , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Vulvar Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
A gravidez ectópica é uma importante causa de morbimortalidde materna no primeiro trimestre gestacional. As dosagens hormonais seriadas e a ultrassonografia endovaginal, realizadas atualmente, facilitaram o diagnóstico e tratamento da gravidez ectópica, antes que ocorresse a ruptura tubária. O tratamento clínico medicamentoso com o metotrexato, um antagonista do ácido fólico altamente tóxico a tecidos em rápida replicação, é bastante utilizado em gestações ectópicas íntegras, adequadamente selecionadas. Muitos estudos vêm sendo realizados a fim de tentar definir quais grupos de pacientes se beneficiariam desse tratamento e, qual seria o melhor esquema de administração dessa droga, com redução dos efeitos colaterais e melhores taxas de sucesso. Esta revisão expõe as opções de tratamento medicamentoso mais estudadas para tratamento da gravidez ectópica íntegra, com ênfase nas taxas de sucesso de tratamento (cura, persistência de tecido trofoblástico e permeabilidade tubária) e no prognóstico a longo prazo.
Ectopic pregnancy is a significant cause of morbity and mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. Serial hormone assays and transvaginal ultrasonography facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy before rupture occurs. Early nonsurgical diagnosis and appropiate treatment have resulted in diversity of management options and decline in mortality, due to this pathology. Treatment with methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, highly toxic to rapidly replicating tissues, can be applied on selected patients with non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Many studies have been developed intending to define which patients would be benefited by this treatment and how to administer this drug, with low side effects and good successful rates. This review refers to the best practice on non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy, with emphasis on treatment success rates (cure rate, incidence of persistent trophoblast and tubal patency) and long-term prognosis.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/therapeutic use , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis , Pregnancy, Ectopic/drug therapy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Single Dose , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , PrognosisABSTRACT
Estudiamos 52 pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) de menos de un año de evolución según su propia referencia, la mayoría en clase funcional II, sin manifestaciones extraarticulares serias, tratadas con esquema de metotrexato (MTX) oral en días alternos (3 dosis/semanas, un antiinflamatorio no esteroide oral matinal y paracetamol en monodosis nocturna). Ninguno recibió esteroides o algún otro inductor de remisión. La cuenta de articulaciones dolorosas (inicial: 51; final: 4) y la rigidez matinal se redujo significativamente al momento de efectuar la valoración al fin de un año de observación. El factor reumatoide no se modificó y sólo en pacientes hubo elevación de las enzimas hepáticas. Consideramos que el MTX en este esquema posológico reduce la necesidad de medicación sintomática concomitante