ABSTRACT
A simplified, safe and flexible technique of anesthesia, based on a limited number of relatively cheap drugs, and allowing ventilation with air, was applied to 60 patients undergoing operations of at least 60 minutes' duration. The required depth of hypnosis was produced by intravenous diazepam or gamma-OH, whilst droperidol and fentanyl provided a satisfactory degree of sedation and analgesia. Pancuronium bromide was used for muscle relaxation. Spontaneous respiration was resumed immediately after postoperative use of nalorphine and neostigmine. The anesthetic course was smooth and predictable, with cardiovascular stability and an uneventful postoperative recovery. Emphasis is laid on the suitability of this procedure on the Battle Field or in Developing Countries, and on its safety (no toxic volatile liquids). (Acta anaesth. belg., 1976, 27, 25-34).
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Atropine , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Pressure , Diazepam , Droperidol , Female , Fentanyl/antagonists & inhibitors , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nalorphine , Neostigmine , Pancuronium/antagonists & inhibitors , Preanesthetic Medication , Pulse , Respiration, Artificial , Sodium Oxybate , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Opium/metabolism , Receptors, Drug , Cell Line , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Glioma , Humans , Hybrid Cells , Models, Biological , Morphine/pharmacology , Nalorphine/pharmacology , Neuroblastoma , Neurons/drug effects , Protein Conformation , Structure-Activity Relationship , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism , Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Opium/poisoning , Diarrhea, Infantile/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/chemically induced , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Levallorphan/administration & dosage , Levallorphan/therapeutic use , Male , Nalorphine/administration & dosage , Nalorphine/therapeutic use , Opium/therapeutic use , Poisoning/drug therapy , Poisoning/epidemiology , VietnamABSTRACT
The diagnosis and management of 200 cases of self-poisoning due to orally ingested crude opium in Iran is reported and discussed. Gastric lavage supported when necessary by nalorphine was effective treatment in the majority of cases because of the slow absorption of opium. Mechanical ventilation was required in twelve cases (6%) only. There were three deaths; two of these were due to pulmonary oedema which was apparently not the result of hypoxia.