ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times T1, T2, T1/T2 are sensitive to motion and organization of water molecules. Especially, increase in T1/T2 reflects a higher degree of structuring. My purpose was to look at physical changes in water in ultrahigh aqueous dilutions. METHODS: Samples were prepared by iterative centesimal (c) dilution with vigorous agitation, ranging between 3c and 24c (Avogadro limit 12c). Solutes were silica-lactose, histamine, manganese-lactose. Solvents were water, NaCl 0.15 M or LiCl 0.15 M. Solvents underwent strictly similar, simultaneous dilution/agitation, for each level of dilution, as controls. NMR relaxation was studied within 0.02-20 MHz. RESULTS: No changes were observed in controls. Increasing T1 and T1/T2 were found in dilutions, which persisted beyond 9c (manganese-lactose), 10c (histamine) and 12c (silica-lactose). For silica-lactose in LiCl, continuous decrease in T2 with increase in T1/T2 within the 12c-24c range indicated growing structuring of water despite absence of the initial solute. All changes vanished after heating/cooling. These findings were interpreted in terms of nanosized (>4-nm) supramolecular structures involving water, nanobubbles and ions, if any. Additional study of low dilutions of silica-lactose revealed increased T2 and decreased T1/T2 compared to solvent, within the 10(-3)-10(-6) range, reflecting transient solvent destructuring. This could explain findings at high dilution. CONCLUSION: Proton NMR relaxation demonstrated modifications of the solvent throughout the low to ultramolecular range of dilution. The findings suggested the existence of superstructures that originate stereospecifically around the solute after an initial destructuring of the solvent, developing more upon dilution and persisting beyond 12c.
Subject(s)
Histamine/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods , Pharmaceutical Solutions/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Solvents/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Biophysics , Homeopathy/methods , Humans , Hydrodynamics , Molecular Structure , Protons , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
El mecanismo de acción de los medicamentos homeopáticos ha sido confuso para sus practicantes y científicos estudiosos por más de dos siglos. Donde una sucusión debe alterar el solvente, proporcionándole una "memoria" o "información" que los sistemas biológicos pueden detectar. Algunos experimentos han tratado de demonstrar o documentar como es que la alteración del solvente ocurre mediante estudios físicos y químicos de los cuales han fallado en la obtención de resultados positivos en pruebas independientes y por duplicado.
Subject(s)
Homeopathic Remedy , Homeopathy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , ProtonsABSTRACT
El mecanismo de acción de los medicamentos homeopáticos ha sido confuso para sus practicantes y científicos estudiosos por más de dos siglos. Donde una sucusión debe alterar el solvente, proporcionándole una "memoria" o "información" que los sistemas biológicos pueden detectar. Algunos experimentos han tratado de demonstrar o documentar como es que la alteración del solvente ocurre mediante estudios físicos y químicos de los cuales han fallado en la obtención de resultados positivos en pruebas independientes y por duplicado.
Subject(s)
Homeopathy , Protons , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Homeopathic RemedyABSTRACT
The main features of a new model for associated liquids are expounded. The stability of various dissipative structures in water systems is explained by their presence in the earth's electromagnetic field and by the stabilizing processes of proton transfer along hydrogen-bonded chains in these structures. A possible connection between processes occurring in dissipative water structures and the radiation characteristics of homoeopathic preparations is shown