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1.
Epilepsy Behav ; 115: 107653, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33358679

ABSTRACT

Epileptic seizures are characterized by imbalanced inhibition-excitation cycle that triggers biochemical alterations responsible for jeopardized neuronal integrity. Conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been the mainstay option for treatment and control; however, symptomatic control and potential to exacerbate the seizure condition calls for viable alternative to these chemical agents. In this context, natural product-based therapies have accrued great interest in recent years due to competent disease management potential and lower associated adversities. Cicuta virosa (CV) is one such herbal remedy that is used in traditional system of medicine against myriad of disorders including epilepsy. Homeopathic medicinal preparations (HMPs) of CV were assessed for their efficacy in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute and kindling models of epilepsy. CV HMPs increased the latency and reduced the duration of tonic-clonic phase in acute model while lowering the kindling score in the kindling model that signified their role in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission and potassium conductance. Kindling-induced impairment of cognition, memory, and motor coordination was ameliorated by the CV HMPs that substantiated their efficacy in imparting sustained neuronal fortification. Furthermore, biochemical evaluation showed attenuated oxidative stress load through reduced lipid peroxidation and strengthened free radical scavenging mechanism. Taken together, CV HMPs exhibited promising results in acute and kindling models and must be further assessed through molecular and epigenomic studies.


Subject(s)
Cicuta , Kindling, Neurologic , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Humans , Oxidative Stress , Pentylenetetrazole/toxicity , Seizures/chemically induced , Seizures/drug therapy
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 267: 113509, 2021 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33141053

ABSTRACT

Ethnopharmacological relevance Processed Nux vomica seed extracts and homeopathic medicinal preparations (HMPs) are widely used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine for respiratory, digestive, neurological and behavioral disorders. Antioxidant property of Nux vomica is well known and recent investigation has highlighted the anticonvulsant potential of its homeopathic formulation. AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic potential of Nux vomica HMPs (6CH, 12CH and 30CH potency) in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced acute and chronic experimental seizure models in mice and investigate their effects on cognition, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress markers in kindled animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute seizures were induced in the animals through 70 mg/kg (i.p.) administration of PTZ followed by the evaluation of latency and duration of Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). Subconvulsive PTZ doses (35 mg/kg, i.p.) induced kindling in 29 days, which was followed by assessment of cognition, memory and motor impairment through validated behavioral techniques. The status of oxidative stress was estimated through measurement of MDA, GSH and SOD. RESULTS: HMPs delayed the latency and reduced the duration of GTCS in acute model signifying possible regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission. Kindling was significantly hindered by the HMPs that justified the ameliorated cognition, memory and motor activity impairment. The HMPs attenuated lipid peroxidation by reducing MDA level and strengthened the antioxidant mechanism by enhancing the GSH and SOD levels in the kindled animals. CONCLUSIONS: Nux vomica HMPs showed anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic potency in acute and chronic models of epilepsy. The test drugs attenuated behavioral impairment and reduced the oxidative stress against PTZ induced kindling owing to which they can be further explored for their cellular and molecular mechanism(s).


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/drug effects , Cognition/drug effects , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Epilepsy/prevention & control , Memory Disorders/prevention & control , Memory/drug effects , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Strychnos nux-vomica , Acute Disease , Animals , Anticonvulsants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Brain/metabolism , Brain/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Disease Models, Animal , Epilepsy/chemically induced , Epilepsy/metabolism , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Kindling, Neurologic/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Memory Disorders/etiology , Memory Disorders/metabolism , Memory Disorders/psychology , Mice , Nootropic Agents/isolation & purification , Pentylenetetrazole , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Strychnos nux-vomica/chemistry
3.
Drugs ; 18(2): 113-21, 1979 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39732

ABSTRACT

Glucocorticoids are used in physiological and pharmacological amounts in the management of a variety of clinical conditions. Concomitant utilisation of other drugs or the presence of some diseases may affect the physiological action of the steroid in the tissues. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, ephedrine and rifampicin accelerate the metabolism of glucocorticoids thereby decreasing their biological activity. A similar phenomenon occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism. In contrast, glucocorticoid action is enhanced in hypothyroid patients and in those with hepatic damage as the result of a defect in the clearance of the hormone from blood. In turn, glucocorticoids antagonise the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and ganglion blocking agents. The above mentioned effects should be kept in mind whenever glucocorticoids are utilised in the diagnosis and management of endocrine or non-endocrine conditions.


Subject(s)
Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Contraceptives, Oral/pharmacology , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Dexamethasone/blood , Diuretics/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Ephedrine/pharmacology , Ganglionic Blockers/pharmacology , Glucocorticoids/metabolism , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacology , Kinetics , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Pancuronium/pharmacology , Rifampin/pharmacology , Salicylates/pharmacology , Thyroid Diseases/physiopathology
4.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 28(7): 636-9, 2003 Jul.
Article in Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15139109

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Based on the therapeutic claims of Angong Niuhuang pill, a series of pharmacodynamic experiments were designed, where pharmacological effects were investigated comparatively with its simplified prescription(realgar and cinnabar are removed from the original pill) as a parallel control in order to explore possible contribution of cinnabar and realgar to pharmacodynamic activities of the pill as a whole. METHOD: Anti-pyretic, sedative, anti-convulsive, and mice-protected effects of the pill and its simplified prescription as a control were observed, respectively, in rabbits with fever induced by typhoid bacillus, in pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping mice, in mice with convulsion induced by strychnine, or pentylenetetrazole, and in mice with anoxia induced by NaNO2. RESULT: Both the pill and its simplified prescription were found to have Anti-pyretic action and protective effect against the mouse death induced by anoxia, and synergistic interaction with pentobarbital sodium in sedative activity, although neither of them was found to have any effects on the convulsion of mice. CONCLUSION: No significant difference between Angong Niuhuang pill and its simplified prescription was found in the above pharmacodynamic experiments.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Animals , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Arsenicals/pharmacology , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Male , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Mercury Compounds/pharmacology , Mice , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rabbits , Sulfides/pharmacology
5.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 22(5): 305-7 inside back cover, 1997 May.
Article in Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11038970

ABSTRACT

Magnetite can markedly inhibit the rodent turn-around reaction induced by acetic acid, reduce the threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium and shorten rodent's incubation period of falling asleep. It has also the following effects; antagonizing metrazol which causes rodent convulsions, postponing the incubation period of being startled by Huisuling, cutting down the extent of rodent's foot swells caused by JCCJ, and diminishing bleeding time and congulating time.


Subject(s)
Iron/pharmacology , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oxides/pharmacology , Analgesics/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Female , Ferrosoferric Oxide , Male , Mice , Seizures/drug therapy , Sleep/drug effects
6.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 143(1): 1-13, 2012 Aug 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22710294

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Here we compile these plants and discuss their use from a pharmacological perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine of the most important European herbals of the 16th and 17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Mattioli (1590), Lonicerus (1660, 1770), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591, 1678) were searched for terms related to epilepsy, and plants and recipes described for its treatment were documented. We then searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty one plants were identified in the herbals to be used in the context of epilepsy. In vitro and/or in vivo pharmacological data somehow related to the indication epilepsy was found for less than 5% of these plants. Less than 7% of epilepsy remedies are in common with De Materia Medica. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous plants were used to treat epilepsy in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, few of these plants have been investigated with respect to pharmacological activity on epilepsy related targets.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Materia Medica , Medicine, Traditional , Phytotherapy , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal , Anticonvulsants/history , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Epilepsy/history , Germany , Greece , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Materia Medica/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Phytotherapy/history , Plant Preparations/history , Plant Preparations/pharmacology
9.
Physiol Bohemoslov ; 39(3): 199-205, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2145597

ABSTRACT

The anticonvulsant action of a new antiepileptic drug ORG 6370 (Organon International B.V.) was studied in 217 male albino rats aged 7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days. Epileptic phenomena induced by a subcutaneous injection of a 100 mg/kg dose of metrazol (isolated myoclonic jerk, minimal metrazol seizures and major, generalized tonic-clonic metrazol seizures) were used as a model. ORG 6370 did not influence myoclonic jerks or minimal metrazol seizures in those age groups where they were regularly elicited. In 12-day-old rats pretreatment with ORG 6370 led to the appearance of minimal metrazol seizures, a phenomenon rarely seen under control conditions. Major seizures were suppressed only in adult rats with a 20 mg/kg dose; on the other hand, ORG 6370 exhibited a selective action against the tonic phase of major seizures at all stages of development. The profile of action of ORG 6370 is almost the same as that of phenytoin.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Bridged-Ring Compounds , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology , Seizures/chemically induced , Animals , Convulsants , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains
11.
Odonto (Säo Bernardo do Campo) ; 13(25): 59--64, jan.-jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - dentistry (Brazil) | ID: lil-428152

ABSTRACT

A fenitoína, droga comumente utilizada como anticonvulsivante, apresenta diversos efeitos colaterais, dentre os quais, a hiperplasia gengival medicamentosa, dificultando a higienização, favorecendo o acúmulo de biofilme e cálculos dentários, incrementando ainda mais a presneça de lesões cariosas e dos processos inflamatórios e infecciosos na própria gengiva. Assim sendo, diversos cuidados inerentes ao atendimento odontoilógico devem ser seguidos. O propósito deste trabalho foi de apresentar e discutir as condutas do atendiemnto odontológico ao paciente submetido à terapia com esta droga


Subject(s)
Homeopathic Therapeutic Approaches/standards , Phenytoin/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Practice Patterns, Dentists' , Phenytoin/pharmacology , Gingival Hyperplasia
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