Medical pluralism among indigenous peoples in northeast India - implications for health policy.

OBJECTIVES: The government of India is promoting and increasing investment in the traditional medicine systems of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in the northeast region of India. But there are few empirical data that support this policy decision. This study estimates the awareness and use of the different medical systems in rural Meghalaya, a state in north-east India with a predominantly ethnic tribal population. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional multistage random sample household survey across all districts of Meghalaya. To enable appropriate estimates for the whole of rural Meghalaya, the data were weighted to allow for the probability of selection of households at each stage of the sampling process. RESULTS: Both local tribal medicine and biomedicine were widely accepted and used, but the majority (68.7%, 95% CI: 51.9-81.7) had not heard of AYUSH and even fewer had used it. Tribal medicine was used (79.1%, 95% CI 66.3-88.0), thought to be effective (87.5%, 95% CI: 74.2-94.1) and given in a variety of disorders, including both minor and major diseases. In the 3 months prior to the survey, 46.2% (95% CI: 30.5-62.8) had used tribal medicine. Only 10.5% (95% CI: 6.1-17.6) reported ever using any of the AYUSH systems. CONCLUSION: Our comparative estimates of the awareness and use of tribal medicine, different systems of AYUSH and of biomedicine among indigenous populations of India question the basis on which AYUSH is promoted in the northeast region of India and in the state of Meghalaya in particular.

Public awareness, patterns of use and attitudes toward natural health products in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: There has been a global rise in the use of natural health products (NHPs). Proper regulation of NHPs is pivotal to ensure good quality control standards, enhance consumers' safety and facilitate their integration into modern healthcare systems. There is scarcity of published data on the prevalence of NHPs usage among the general Kuwaiti population. Hence, this study was designed to determine awareness, patterns of use, general attitude and information requirements about NHPs among the public in Kuwait. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed using a pretested self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 1300 Kuwaiti individuals, selected from six governorates in Kuwait using a multistage stratified clustered sampling. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis. RESULTS: The response rate was 90.2%. NHPs were thought to be herbal remedies by most of participants (63.5%), followed by vitamins/minerals (40.5%), traditional medicines (21.1%), probiotics (14.9%), amino acids and essential fatty acids (7.2%), and homeopathic medicines (5.6%). NHPs usage was reported by 71.4% (95% CI: 68.8-74.0%) of respondents, and mostly associated with females (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.44-2.51). Herbal remedies were the most commonly used (41.3%; 95% CI: 38.5-44.2%). The most common reasons for using NHPs were to promote and maintain health and to prevent illness and build immune system. Family members and/or friends and mass media were the main sources for providing information about NHPs. About 18% of consumers have experienced a side effect due to using a NHP. Attitudes toward NHPs were generally positive; with more than 75% of participants believing that the Ministry of Health in Kuwait should regulate the claims made by the manufacturers of NHPs and it is important to talk to a medical doctor or a pharmacist prior to using NHPs. Most of the respondents showed increased interest to acquire knowledge about different types of information related to NHPs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of use of NHPs among Kuwaiti population is high. The present findings have major public health policy implications for Kuwait. Therefore, there is an apparent need to establish effective health education programs and implement better and more regulated NHPs use policies in Kuwait.

Diabetic retinopathy screening uptake after health education with or without retinal imaging within the facility in two AYUSH hospitals in Hyderabad, India: A nonrandomized pilot study.

Purpose: In India, people with diabetes (PwDM) often seek care in the government-approved alternative medicine system, AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy). The purpose of this pilot study was to assess whether health education plus retinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy (DR) within an AYUSH hospital increased the uptake of screening for DR compared with health education and referral. Methods: The study was a nonrandomized pilot conducted in two AYUSH hospitals. Both hospitals received intervention on educating the AYUSH practitioners about DR screening and distributing health education materials to diabetic patients. In one hospital in addition to education, retinal imaging by a trained technician with remote grading by an ophthalmologist was provided, while in another hospital PwDM were referred to nearby eye hospitals for screening. The uptake of screening was assessed through registers and phone calls. Results: At baseline, only 10.7% of 178 PwDM were aware of DR and only 8% had undergone DR screening. After the intervention, in the hospital where screening was provided, all (100%) eligible patients (101) underwent digital imaging, whereas in the other hospital only 25% of 77 eligible patients underwent screening in eye hospitals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: AYUSH hospitals could provide a feasible and acceptable location for providing DR screening services. Further studies are required to assess scale-up of such intervention.

Art-making and lived experience of schizophrenia: a vitalist materialist analysis.

BACKGROUND: This paper responds to calls for more lived experience research with a vitalist-materialist style of analysis inspired by Deleuze and Guattari. It challenges traditional understandings of art as a therapy associated with medical and psychological perceptions of schizophrenia, which have been found to be reductive. METHODS: Using Deleuze and Guattari's relational assemblages, the flows of affect are mapped as bodies and things, ideas and sensations connect and disconnect through the community arts sense-event "Schizy Jam". RESULTS: Opening a much broader territory for understanding the many ways that art can express, affirm and communicate difference, enables exploration of new ways in which art-makers are activating changes in feeling and thinking about schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Art-makers can be supported to connect with others with shared experience to find expression for things that have previously been inexpressible and create a world that is more inclusive of them.

A fase terminal do filho com câncer: percepções dos profissionais hospitalares / The terminal phase of children with cancer: perceptions of hospital professionals / La fase terminal del hijo con cáncer: percepciones de los profesionales del hospital

O confronto com o câncer de um filho e a percepção da sua morte como inevitável dão lugar a experiências parentais relevantes para a pesquisa científica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, por meio da percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, o modo como os pais experienciam a fase terminal e fim de vida do filho com câncer para melhor compreender os processos psicoemocionais experienciados por esses pais diante da cronicidade da doença e da morte do filho. No sentido de alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de tipo fenomenológico envolvendo 17 profissionais de dois hospitais portugueses de referência em oncologia pediátrica. Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso a um guia de entrevista semiestruturada. Na percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, os resultados evidenciam que esses pais experienciam múltiplas dificuldades e preocupações na fase terminal da doença do filho e no pós-morte, bem como um sofrimento extremo e desestruturação biopsicossocial e espiritual na família. O conhecimento aprofundado da fenomenologia desses processos é essencial para o desenho e a implementação de intervenções emocionais, cognitivas, comportamentais e sociais mais ajustadas às dificuldades e preocupações parentais vividas no fim de vida e pós-morte.(AU)

Coping with children's cancer and the perception of their inevitable death give rise to parental experiences that are important to study. This study aimed to investigate, based on hospital professionals' perspectives, how parents experience the terminal phase and end of life of their children suffering from cancer to better understand the psycho-emotional processes these parents experienced in face of the chronicity of the disease and their children's death. To achieve this objective, a qualitative phenomenological study was carried out involving 17 professionals of two Portuguese hospitals that are reference in pediatric oncology. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. From the perspective of hospital professionals, results show that these parents experience multiple difficulties and concerns in the terminal phase of their children's disease and postmortem, as well as the extreme suffering and biopsychosocial and spiritual disruption of the family. A deeper understanding of the phenomenology of these processes is essential to design and implement better adjusted emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social interventions aimed at the parental difficulties and concerns experienced at the end of life and after death.(AU)

El enfrentamiento del cáncer de un hijo y la percepción de su muerte como inevitable dan lugar a experiencias parentales importantes que deben ser estudiadas. Este estudio pretende identificar desde la percepción de los profesionales del hospital cómo los padres viven la fase terminal y el final de la vida de su hijo con cáncer con el fin de comprender mejor los procesos psicoemocionales que viven estos padres ante la cronicidad de la enfermedad y la muerte de su hijo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico, en el que participaron 17 profesionales de dos hospitales portugueses de referencia en oncología pediátrica. Para recoger los datos se aplicó un guion de entrevista semiestructurada. En cuanto a la percepción de los profesionales del hospital, estos padres experimentaron múltiples dificultades y preocupaciones en la fase terminal de la enfermedad de su hijo y postmuerte, así como un sufrimiento extremo y una desestructuración biopsicosocial y espiritual en la familia. El conocimiento en profundidad de la fenomenología de estos procesos es esencial para elaborar e implementar intervenciones emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales y sociales más acordes a las dificultades y preocupaciones parentales que se experimentan al final de la vida y la postmuerte.(AU)

Awareness, practice and views about integrating AYUSH in allopathic curriculum of allopathic doctors and interns in a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, attitude, perception and practice of Ayurveda, yoga, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and naturopathy (AYUSH) among allopathic doctors and interns and determine their opinion regarding integration of AYUSH education within the allopathic curriculum. METHODS: This prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching Hospital, New Delhi, India, from March 2016 to March 2017. A survey of 500 allopathic doctors and 150 interns was performed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: A majority of doctors (95.2%) were aware of the term AYUSH and had knowledge of yoga (70.6%), homeopathy (55.6%), Ayurveda (50.3%), Siddha (47.8%), naturopathy (32.9%) and Unani (28.9%). Most of the participants (63.0%) felt that therapies under AYUSH are effective. A majority (84.0%) of the doctors were of the view that more research is required in the field of AYUSH. While homeopathy (44.0%) was the most common system used by doctors for themselves, yoga was the therapy most commonly (60.0%) recommended to patients. Nearly half of the doctors (46.7%) recommended AYUSH to their patients, mainly for chronic illness (74.0%). A majority (77.5%) of the respondents agreed that students of allopathic medicine should be familiarized with AYUSH. The modes of incorporation of AYUSH into the medical curriculum most commonly suggested by respondents were optional courses (54.5%) and introductory lectures (42.3%). CONCLUSION: Doctors and interns of allopathic medicine are aware of AYUSH systems. They use it for themselves and recommend it to patients. They believe that familiarization of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students with AYUSH therapies and their integration with allopathic medicine may help in improving patient care.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and paralytic agents.

When a 38-year-old former critical care unit (CCU) nurse became critically ill, she required mechanical ventilation with pancuronium--a paralytic agent--as an adjunct. She also received intravenous morphine and diazepam for analgesia and sedation. Three weeks later, her condition much improved, paralytic agents were discontinued and the nurse was extubated. Familiar with treatment protocols, her caregivers and the environment, she felt comfortable sharing her perceptions of the previous three weeks with her colleagues.

Processos psicossociais da aquisição de uma deficiência / Psychosocial processes of acquiring a disability / Procesos psicosociales de la adquisición de una discapacidad

A aquisição de uma deficiência pode ter extenso impacto na vida de uma pessoa, pois ocorre, muitas vezes, sob condições traumáticas e obriga tanto a ressignificações subjetivas quanto a adaptações práticas no cotidiano. O principal objetivo do trabalho aqui descrito consistiu em compreender aspectos psicossociais do processo de aquisição de uma deficiência, considerando diversos fatores que podem interferir nestas experiências. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram entrevistadas, de forma semiestruturada, 13 pessoas que adquiriram uma deficiência física, auditiva ou visual na idade adulta, sendo os relatos analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Ao se discutir as falas dos pesquisados, são traçadas algumas semelhanças e distinções entre as experiências dos participantes, buscando também tecer considerações com base na literatura acadêmico-científica sobre o tema. Observou-se que os processos psicossociais de aquisição da deficiência foram permeados tanto por sentimentos negativos, relacionados à angústia e à depressão, bem como por reações mais harmônicas e de valorização da vida, em que se relativiza a perda do membro ou da capacidade sensorial. Representando um momento marcante na vida de quem a adquire, a deficiência pode levar à aprendizagem e ao amadurecimento, à medida que o tempo após a aquisição aumenta. Entende-se que os estudos acerca da deficiência, em especial a adquirida, devem ser ampliados e aprofundados, tendo em vista que o campo de estudos sobre esta temática ainda precisa de mais contribuições a respeito.(AU)

Becoming disabled may cause a considerable impact in someone's life, because, in most of the cases, it happens under traumatic conditions and it results in subjective resignification and practical adaptations. The main objective of this study is to understand the psychosocial aspects involved in becoming disabled, considering several factors which may interfere these experiences. For this research, 13 people who got a physical disability, a hearing or visual impairment in adulthood were interviewed in a semi-structured way and the results were evaluated using the content analysis method of Bardin (2011). When the speeches of the interviewed people are evaluated, some comparisons and distinctions among experiences of the participants are made for establishing relations with academic-scientific literature on this theme. It was noticed that the psychosocial processes involved in becoming disabled were permeated by negative feelings related to anguish and depression, as well as more harmonic reactions and valorization of life, in which the loss of a member or of a sensorial capability is relativized. As a defining moment in the lives of those who acquired it, the disability may result in learning and maturating over the years after the event. It is recommended that the studies concerning disability, especially the acquired ones, get broadened and deepened because there is a need for more contributions about this subject.(AU)

La adquisición de una discapacidad puede tener un amplio impacto en la vida de una persona, pues ocurre, muchas veces, bajo condiciones traumáticas y requiere tanto la reinterpretación subjetiva como las adaptaciones prácticas en la vida cotidiana. El principal objetivo del trabajo que se describe aquí fue entender los aspectos psicosociales del proceso de adquisición de una discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta diversos factores que pueden interferir en estas experiencias. Para la investigación, fueron entrevistadas de manera semiestructurada, 13 personas que adquirieron una discapacidad física, auditiva o visual en la edad adulta, siendo los relatos analizados por el método de análisis de contenido. En la discusión de los relatos de los entrevistados, son trazadas algunas similitudes y diferencias entre las experiencias de los participantes, buscando también tejer consideraciones con base en la literatura académica y científica sobre el tema. Se observó que los procesos psicosociales de adquisición de la discapacidad fueron permeados tanto por sentimientos negativos relacionados con la angustia y la depresión, así como por las reacciones más armónicas y de valorización de la vida, en que se relativiza la pérdida de un miembro o la capacidad sensorial. Representando un momento decisivo en la vida de quién la adquiere, la discapacidad puede llevar al aprendizaje y al crecimiento, a medida que el tiempo después de la adquisición aumenta. Se entiende que los estudios acerca de la discapacidad, en especial la adquirida, deben ser ampliados y profundizados, teniendo en cuenta que el campo de los estudios sobre este tema aún necesita más contribuciones al respecto.(AU)

Além das curvas de crescimento: investigando o atendimento pediátrico e as práticas de puericultura na formação em residências médicas / Beyond growth curves: investigating service pediatric care and childcare practices in training in medical residencies

Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) investiga a prática da puericultura e o atendimento pediátrico por residentes, com foco no aprendizado, confiança e atualizações dos profissionais, proporcionados pelos programas de residência médica. Os resultados revelam que a atualização é crucial para garantir a qualidade do atendimento, considerando as constantes evoluções na área pediátrica. Aspectos como crescimento, desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, vacinação, diário alimentar e dinâmica familiar são fundamentais na consulta de puericultura e a conscientização sobre a importância da vacinação também é relevante. Promover programas de residência médica com formação teórica sólida e baseada em evidências científicas é essencial para o desenvolvimento de profissionais preparados para uma prática pediátrica de excelência, beneficiando diretamente a saúde das crianças e adolescentes atendidos. Palavras-chave: Medicina baseada em evidências. Puericultura. Hospitais de Ensino. Pediatria. Residência médica.