ABSTRACT
There is a lot of discussion on COVID-19 control strategies from the mainstream approaches, but it is also necessary to examine the contributions of the Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Riga and Homeopathy (AYUSH) sector, which is now being brought into public health interventions nationally. Although the AYUSH sector had previously joined the management of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in some Indian states, its participation has remained contentious and there is reluctance in mainstream public health discourses to seriously examine their interventions. This is a commentary on the efforts made by the Ministry of AYUSH, state AYUSH directorates, AYUSH research institutions, and public hospitals, based on official documents as well as official statements reported in the media, with the aim of bringing out concerns in the process of adapting traditional textual knowledge and practices to public health requirements of the current age.
Subject(s)
Complementary Therapies/methods , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Homeopathy/methods , Humans , India/epidemiology , Medicine, Ayurvedic/methods , Naturopathy/methods , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , YogaABSTRACT
Background: Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) system of medicine has been extensively used in India for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present report is the second update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis and has been intended to assess the preventive potential and safety of Ayush drugs against COVID-19. Methods: A search of databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database, the clinical trial registry-India, the AYUSH research portal, and preprint repositories was performed till March 1, 2023. Randomized controlled trials or analytical observational studies were included. Incidences of COVID-19 infections and mortality were taken as primary outcome measures; and symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, incidences of hospital admissions, and adverse events were taken as secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was evaluated by version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Data were synthesized through the RevMan 5.4 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was ranked through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Out of 2350 articles, 15 studies were included in the review. The pooled estimate of Guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers], Chyawanprasha, and Ayuraksha kit was obtained. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that Guduchi may reduce the incidences of COVID-19 infections (risk ratio [RR]: 0.67 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.48-0.95]) and the symptom development among the infected (RR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.73-1.08]), however, no change was observed in hospital admissions (RR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.20-4.53]). It is uncertain that Chyawanprasha reduces the incidence of COVID-19 infection (RR: 0.28; [95% CI: 0.07-1.08]). Ayuraksha kit as chemoprophylaxis may reduce the incidences of COVID-19 infections (RR: 0.49; [95% CI: 0.32-0.77]). The certainty of the evidence was low to moderate mainly due to the serious risk of bias. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of Ayush medicines for populations at risk may help to prevent COVID-19 infection by reducing incidence and severity. However, considering the certainty and fewer studies, high-quality studies are still desired to confirm the efficacy and safety of Ayush chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19. Nevertheless, this update will serve as a torchbearer for policymakers, physicians, and other stakeholders for their decision-making through evidence-based medicine.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , India/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Ante la actual crisis por la cual atraviesa la humanidad a consecuencia de la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), se ha hecho evidente el creciente uso de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional (MNT) en muchos países del mundo. En la actualidad, el SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), al ser un virus recientemente identificado, presenta opciones de tratamiento farmacológico limitadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Acupuncture , Artemisia annua , HomeopathySubject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Clinical Protocols , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Homeopathy/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Precision Medicine/methods , Bioethical Issues , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Drug Combinations , Homeopathy/adverse effects , Homeopathy/standards , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Precision Medicine/adverse effects , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Research , Signs and Symptoms , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Homeopathy , BelgiumSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Social Isolation/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Affective Symptoms , Homeopathy , BrazilSubject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Clinical Protocols , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Precision Medicine/methods , Betacoronavirus , Homeopathy/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Bioethical Issues , Drug Combinations , Precision Medicine/adverse effects , Pandemics/prevention & control , Homeopathy/adverse effects , Homeopathy/standardsABSTRACT
A infecção humana causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), diagnosticada como pneumonia de causa desconhecida originalmente na cidade de Wuhan (China), foi considerada como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Sua transmissibilidade parece ser bastante elevada, tendo afetado quase dois milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e provocado mais de 130 mil mortes. Surgiu no Brasil em fevereiro de 2020, inicialmente na cidade de São Paulo. Afeta de forma mais grave os idosos e portadores de algumas comorbidades (tais como doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, câncer, DPOC e doenças cerebrovasculares, entre outras), tendo uma sintomatologia variável e tratamentos empíricos que estão sendo testados de forma mais rigorosa desde o seu aparecimento. Na ausência de vacina para proteção dos sadios, tem sido adotada a estratégia de isolamento social e tratamento com medidas de suporte geral e/ou avançado. Neste contexto, cabe investigar a contribuição da terapêutica homeopática no enfrentamento da doença, notadamente no alívio dos sintomas desconfortáveis por ela provocados em sua fase inicial, com acompanhamento e registro dos resultados obtidos pelos médicos homeopatas. Este estudo nacional pretende coletar, durante o período em que durar a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil, informações de pacientes diagnosticados com a doença, tratados com medicamentos homeopáticos escolhidos de acordo com a sintomatologia apresentada pelo paciente, por experientes médicos homeopatas. Todos os medicamentos homeopáticos estão descritos na Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira, não envolvendo qualquer medicamento que não tenha sido anteriormente aprovado para uso homeopático. Serão avaliados os efeitos no estado de saúde do paciente, por meio de escores e escalas clínicas, bem como aspectos relacionados à segurança do medicamento, variação na duração da doença e medicamentos mais associados a eventuais sucessos terapêuticos. Questionário padronizado e específico para a COVID-19 foi elaborado e disponibilizado em formulários google para preenchimento dos médicos colaboradores do estudo durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes. Os dados serão armazenados em planilhas eletrônicas e serão analisados com técnicas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Todos os dados dos pacientes serão coletados de forma totalmente anonimizada para proteger a privacidade dos pacientes, que serão identificados no formulário eletrônico, única e exclusivamente, por um código alfanumérico, escolhido pelo seu médico homeopata e registrado no seu prontuário médico. Dada a situação pandêmica, nos casos em que não for possível o atendimento presencial será enviado uma folha de informações sobre o estudo e TCLE para preenchimento pelo paciente, bem como feitas as teleconsultas de seguimento para acompanhamento do caso. Além de gerar o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações da telemedicina na área homeopática, o projeto visa também a coleta de informações úteis que poderão ser utilizadas em futuros estudos multicêntricos randomizados e controlados para tratamento com medicamentos homeopáticos de quadros epidêmicos, podendo servir também de modelo para novos estudos clínicos de avaliação dos benefícios do tratamento homeopático em outras doenças ou agravos à saúde. (AU)
Infection in humans caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), diagnosed as pneumonia of unknown cause originally in the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Its transmissibility seems to be quite high, affecting almost two million people worldwide and causing more than 130 thousand deaths. It appeared in Brazil in February 2020, initially in the city of São Paulo. It affects more severely the elderly and people with some comorbidities (such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease, among others), with a rich clinical symptomatology. Empirical treatments are being tested in more rigorous clinical trials. In the absence of a vaccine to protect the healthy, the strategy of social isolation and treatment with general and / or advanced support measures has been adopted. In this context, it is worth investigating the potential contribution of homeopathy for relieving the distressing symptoms caused by coronavirus in its initial phase, together with monitoring and recording outcomes collected by homeopathic doctors. This national study intends to collect information from suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, during the current pandemic in Brazil. The patients will be attended by experienced homeopathic doctors with the prescription of remedies according to the symptoms presented by the patient in the pandemic. All homeopathic medicines are described in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. The effects on patients' health status will be evaluated by means of scores and clinical scales, together with measures on safety, duration of the disease and medicines better related with good results. A standardized and specific questionnaire for COVID-19 had been designed and will be available on google forms to be filled out by doctors during the study. The data will be stored in electronic spreadsheets and will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. All patient data will be collected in a completely anonymous way to protect patients' privacy. Patients will be identified exclusively by an alphanumeric code, to be registered in doctors' medical records. Given the pandemic situation, in cases in which face-to-face health care is not obligatory, an information sheet about the study will be sent to the patient in order to get the informed consent. Teleconsultations will take place in some cases for follow-up of patients. In addition to enlarge telemedicine applications for homeopathy, this project also aims to collect useful information that could be used in future randomized and controlled multicenter trials to evaluate the role of homeopathy in epidemic or transmissible diseases. It could also be helpful for designing clinical studies using homeopathic medicines in other diseases or health problems. (AU)
La infección en humanos causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), diagnosticada como neumonía de causa desconocida originalmente en la ciudad de Wuhan (China) en diciembre de 2019, fue considerada una pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Su transmisibilidad parece ser bastante alta, afectando a casi dos millones de personas en todo el mundo y causando más de 130 mil muertes. Apareció en Brasil en febrero de 2020, inicialmente en la ciudad de São Paulo. Afecta más severamente a los ancianos y personas con algunas comorbilidades (como enfermedades cardiovasculares, presión arterial alta, diabetes, malignidad, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y enfermedad cerebrovascular, entre otros), con una rica sintomatología clínica. Los tratamientos empíricos se están probando en ensayos clínicos más rigurosos. En ausencia de una vacuna para proteger a los sanos, se ha adoptado la estrategia de aislamiento social y tratamiento con medidas de apoyo generales y / o avanzadas. En este contexto, se puede investigar la contribución potencial de la homeopatía para aliviar los síntomas causados por el coronavirus en su fase inicial, junto con el monitoreo y registro de los resultados recopilados por los médicos homeópatas. Este estudio nacional tiene la intención de recopilar información de casos sospechosos o confirmados de pacientes con COVID-19, durante la pandemia actual en Brasil. Los pacientes serán atendidos por médicos homeópatas experimentados con la prescripción de remedios de acuerdo con los síntomas presentados por el paciente en la pandemia. Todos los medicamentos homeopáticos se describen en la Farmacopea Homeopática Brasileña. Los efectos sobre el estado de salud de los pacientes se evaluarán mediante puntajes de síntomas y escalas clínicas, junto con medidas de seguridad, duración de la enfermedad y revelación de medicamentos más asociados con buenas respuestas clínicas. Se diseñó un cuestionario estandarizado y específico para COVID-19, que estará disponible en los formularios de Google para que los médicos lo completen durante el estudio. Los datos se almacenarán en hojas de cálculo electrónicas y se analizarán mediante técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Todos los datos del paciente se recopilarán de forma completamente anónima para proteger la privacidad de los pacientes. Los pacientes serán identificados exclusivamente por un código alfanumérico, que se registrará en los registros médicos de los médicos. Dada la situación de pandemia, en los casos en que la atención médica presencial no es obligatoria, se enviará una hoja de información sobre el estudio al paciente para obtener el consentimiento informado. Se realizarán teleconsultas en algunos casos para el seguimiento de los pacientes. Además de ampliar las aplicaciones de telemedicina para la homeopatía, este protocolo también tiene como objetivo recopilar información útil que podría utilizarse en futuros ensayos multicéntricos controlados y aleatorizados para evaluar el papel de la homeopatía en enfermedades epidémicas o transmisibles. También podría ser útil para diseñar estudios clínicos con medicamentos homeopáticos en otras enfermedades o problemas de salud.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Collection , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Coronaviridae Infections/therapy , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Homeopathy , Brazil/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
No Brasil, em diversos municípios de diferentes estados, no período da pandemia de Infecção por Coronavírus, até a publicação deste material, tem sido relatada a distribuição dos chamados "KIT-COVID", que se tratam de kits de medicamentos para serem usados como profilaxia ao contágio e/ou aos primeiros sintomas da infecção pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2). Os kits tem composição variável, sendo que os medicamentos incluídos com mais frequência são: cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina, azitromicina, prednisona (ou outro corticosteroide). Além da variação de combinação de medicamentos que compõem o "KIT-COVID", também é variável a posologia e as orientações de uso. Alerta que, o uso de qualquer medicamento fora de sua indicação aprovada (off-label) deve ser uma decisão individual do médico, analisando caso a caso e compartilhando os possíveis benefícios e riscos com o paciente, e que é vedado ao médico a publicidade sobre tal conduta, de acordo com Código de Ética Médica, capítulo de Publicidade Médica: "Art. 113. Divulgar, fora do meio científico, processo de tratamento ou descoberta cujo valor ainda não esteja expressamente reconhecido cientificamente por órgão competente"
In Brazil, in several municipalities of different states, in the period of the Coronavirus Infection pandemic, until the publication of this material, the distribution of the so-called "KIT-COVID" has been reported, which are drug kits to be used as prophylaxis contagion and / or the first symptoms of infection with the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The kits have a variable composition, and the drugs most frequently included are: chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, prednisone (or another corticosteroid). In addition to the variation in the combination of drugs that make up the "KIT-COVID", the dosage and directions for use are also variable. Warns that the use of any medication outside its approved indication (off-label) must be an individual decision of the doctor, analyzing case by case and sharing the possible benefits and risks with the patient, and that the doctor is prohibited from advertising about such conduct, according to the Medical Ethics Code, Medical Advertising chapter: "Art. 113. Disclose, outside the scientific environment, a treatment or discovery process whose value is not yet expressly recognized scientifically by a competent body "