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1.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 162(10): 597-615, 2020 Oct.
Article in German, French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33006555

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The basic principles of homeopathy, and its legal and scientific foundations, are discussed in an overview to address the positions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the commission of the European Union (EU) on complementary medicine. According to the WHO, the antimicrobial resistance problem poses a global threat. The EU Commission's current One Health Action Plan requests research in complementary medicine, the WHO urges member states to include complementary medicine in their national health policies. Regarding external evidence on the general use of human and veterinary homeopathy, evidence level 1a studies are reviewed. Focusing on the external evidence on the use of homeopathy in infections, some evidence level 1a, 1b, 2c studies, and a case report, are described in more detail. In conclusion, evidence for the effectiveness of human and veterinary homeopathy in general, and in particular, of homeopathic treatment for infections, is available. Especially, individualized homeopathy demonstrates effects at all quality levels according to Cochrane criteria, even in the methodologically high-quality studies. As in most areas of veterinary medicine and medicine, further good/excellent studies are necessary. In compliance with the principles of homeopathy, further methodologically high-quality trials focusing on the homeopathic treatment of infections are the next logical step. The selection of the simile (individually fitting homeopathic medicinal product) by appropriately trained homeopathic doctors/veterinarians is essential for the effectiveness of homeopathy. Implementation of studies at university facilities is a prerequisite for quality assurance. Consequently, further integration of homeopathy at universities is a necessary requirement for the patients' best interests.


INTRODUCTION: Les principes de base de l'homéopathie et ses fondements juridiques et scientifiques sont discutés dans cette revue pour répondre aux positions de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) et de la commission de l'Union européenne (UE) sur la médecine complémentaire. Selon l'OMS, le problème de la résistance aux antimicrobiens constitue une menace mondiale. Le plan d'action One Health actuel de la Commission européenne demande des recherches en médecine complémentaire et l'OMS exhorte les États membres à inclure la médecine complémentaire dans leurs politiques nationales de santé. En ce qui concerne les preuves externes sur l'utilisation générale de l'homéopathie humaine et vétérinaire, des études de niveau de preuve 1a sont passées en revue. En se concentrant sur les preuves externes de l'utilisation de l'homéopathie dans les infections, certaines études de niveau de preuve 1a, 1b, 2c et un rapport de cas sont décrits plus en détail. En conclusion, des preuves de l'efficacité de l'homéopathie humaine et vétérinaire en général et en particulier du traitement homéopathique des infections, sont disponibles. L'homéopathie individualisée démontre en particulier des effets à tous les niveaux de qualité selon les critères Cochrane, même dans des études de haute qualité méthodologique. Comme dans la plupart des domaines de la médecine et de la médecine vétérinaires, d'autres bonnes voire excellentes études sont nécessaires. Conformément aux principes de l'homéopathie, d'autres essais de haute qualité méthodologique axés sur le traitement homéopathique des infections sont la prochaine étape logique. La sélection des simile (médicament homéopathique adapté individuellement) par des médecins/vétérinaires homéopathes dûment formés est essentielle pour l'efficacité de l'homéopathie. La mise en œuvre d'études dans les établissements universitaires est une condition préalable à l'assurance qualité. Par conséquent, une intégration plus poussée de l'homéopathie dans les universités est une condition nécessaire dans l'intérêt des patients.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Homeopathy/veterinary , Evidence-Based Medicine
3.
Cas Lek Cesk ; 137(3): 84-8, 1998 Feb 09.
Article in Cs | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9511277

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although Gram negative as well as Gram positive bacteria participate in febrile episodes of neutropenic patients, in particular recently the ratio of Gram positive bacteria is increasing. The objective of the present work was to investigate the incidence and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacterial agents in neutropenic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The presence of bacteria was investigated in 446 neutropenic patients hospitalized at the Haematological Clinic in 1995. Haemocultures (apparatus Bact/Alert 120, cultivation media Organon-Teknika) and urine were examined. The sensitivity for antibiotics was tested by the standard dilution micromethod. In blood most frequently Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated (45.4%), coagulase-negative strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (14.4%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (complex 6.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.3%). In urine the following were detected: Staphylococcus epidermidis (36.5%), Enterococcus sp. (14.5%), Escherichia coli (13.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (11.6%) and Enterococcus solitarius (6.5%). In all strains resistance to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs was assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of the frequency of different bacterial species, along with monitoring of the resistance is an essential prerequisite of initial antibiotic therapy of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Neutropenia/microbiology , Bacteria/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Middle Aged
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; Braz. j. microbiol;41(1): 124-132, Jan.-Mar. 2010. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-531743

ABSTRACT

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is the agent of meningoencephalitis, an important disease of cattle in South America. The neuropathogenesis of BoHV-5 infection is poorly understood and most previous research focused on the role of envelope glicoproteins in neurovirulence. Thymidine kinase (TK) is a viral enzyme necessary for virus replication in neurons and, therefore, represents a potential target for virus attenuation. The selection and characterization of BoHV-5 variants resistant to the nucleoside analog brivudin (BVDU), which selects TK-defective viruses is here described. Several BVDU-resistant clones were obtained after multiple passages in tissue culture in the presence of BVDU and one clone (BoHV-5/R-27) was further characterized. The selected clone replicated to similar titers and produced plaques with similar size and morphology to those of wild-type virus (SV507/99). The genetic stability of the resistant virus was demonstrated after ten passages in cell culture in the absence of the drug. Moreover, the drug-resistant virus showed reduced virulence in a rabbit model: virus inoculation in four rabbits did not result in disease, in contrast with 75 percent morbidity (3/4) and 50 percent mortality (2/2) among rabbits inoculated with the parental virus. These results demonstrate that BoHV-5 is sensitive to BVDU and that drug-resistant mutants can be readily selected upon BVDU treatment. BVDU-resistant mutants, likely defective in TK, retained their ability to replicate in tissue culture yet were attenuated for rabbits. This strategy to obtain TK-defective BoHV-5 may be useful to study the role of TK in BoHV-5 neuropathogenesis and for vaccine development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Drug Resistance, Microbial , /genetics , Meningoencephalitis , Nucleosides , Homeopathic Pathogenesy , Thymidine Kinase/analysis , Thymidine Kinase/isolation & purification , Vaccines , Cattle , Clone Cells , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Virulence
6.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 42(1): 33-37, 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550552

ABSTRACT

Plantas medicinais com propriedades antimicrobianas juntamente com a problemática da resistência microbiana são de grande relevância, principalmente em países de desenvolvimento,são uma ótima alternativa para investimentos em pesquisas, pois apontam para o uso de novos antibióticos que sejam eficazes diante dos patógenos emergentes. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico da Anadenanthera macrocarpa (angico) e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) sobre amostras de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus de origem humana. A atividade antimicrobiana e a CIM do extrato do angico frente a cepas de S. aureus foi determinada por difusão em placa com Ágar Mueller-Hinton usando o método de pour plate. Após solidificação do inóculo (1mL) adicionado ao ágar (25mL) foram feitas cavidades de 6mm, preenchidas com 50ul do extrato. Foram testadas 10 amostras de S. aureus e a atividade foi determinada pela presença de halo de inibição igual ou superior a 8mm. Todas as amostras monstraram-se sensiveis à ação do extrato de angico com halos de inibição variando de 19 a 25 mm. O extrato hidroalcoólico do angico apresentou atividade antimicrobiana e CIM de 3,12% (1:32) para todas as cepas de S. aureus testadas.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plants, Medicinal , Staphylococcus aureus
7.
Homeopathy ; 92(2): 99-107, 2003 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12725252

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Once confined primarily to hospitals it is now increasingly common in primary care. The prevalence of resistant bacteria is rising, and organisms resistant to almost all antibiotics have been identified. The main causes are indiscriminate prescribing and the use of antibiotics in animal feeds and other agricultural applications. Policies to restrict use of antibiotics have had limited success. Homeopathy may have a role to play in combating the development of antibiotic resistance. Clinical research suggests that homeopathy is effective in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children, a frequent cause of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The EU recommends the use of homeopathy in organic animal husbandry, and it is used by significant numbers of farmers. At present there is little data on the effectiveness of homeopathy in this setting. Further research should be done.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Homeopathy/methods , Materia Medica/standards , Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Animals , Crops, Agricultural/adverse effects , Crops, Agricultural/microbiology , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Humans , Otitis Media with Effusion/microbiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology
8.
Am Rev Respir Dis ; 122(3): 417-24, 1980 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7416617

ABSTRACT

The results are reported of a service in Hong Kong of intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy with 5 drugs given daily for 4 months, or until discharge from hospital or release from prison if earlier, in the treatment of male Chinese drug addicts and prisoners who had pulmonary tuberculosis positive for acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination of the sputum. Of 69 patients who received 4 months of chemotherapy, all those with sputum cultures negative for M. tuberculois initially, and more than 80% of those with positive cultures, 41% of whom had strains resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin, or both drugs, achieved quiescent disease, which was maintained for a year of follow-up. Some of the patients who received less than 4 months of chemotherapy also reponded well. Despite the 5 drugs, the frequency of adverse reactions to the regimen was low.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Ethambutol/therapeutic use , Heroin Dependence/complications , Hong Kong , Humans , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Male , Opioid-Related Disorders/complications , Opium , Prisoners , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Streptomycin/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications
9.
Med Sci Monit ; 6(1): 50-4, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11208283

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted on 16 strains of Acinetobacter sp. which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. The diagnostic material was analysed with the use of automatic BacT/Alert system (Organon Teknika). The analysis was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Medical University in Bydgoszcz. API 20NE system (bioMérieux) enabled the identification of 14 strains (87.5%) as A. baumannii, 1 strain as A. haemolyticus and 1 strain as A. lwoffii. The micro-organisms were isolated from patients whose age ranged between 4 and 66 years. These patients were treated in the departments of Neurosurgery (75.0%), Neurology (18.8%) and Intensive Therapy (6.2%). The infection of cerebrospinal fluid was caused by injury and subsequent exposure to the bacteria present in external environment. Antibiotic-sensitivity of these micro-organisms was evaluated with the help of disc-diffusion method, observing standardisation conditions outlined by NCCLS. All the strains proved sensitive to carbapenems, 15 strains were sensitive to netilmicin, 7 strains--to tobramycin and 7 strains--to amikacin. All the strains displayed multiple resistance. The only exception was A. haemolyticus. The use of two-discs allowed for the detection of ESBLs in 7 A. baumannii strains. Positive results were most frequently obtained after the combination of sublactam and aztreonam. Due to microscopic resemblance between Acinetobacter spp., and bacteria of Neisseria, Moraxella and Haemophilus genus, microbiological diagnostics should not be restricted to microscopic assessment of cerebrospinal fluid and quick serological tests evaluating the antigens of the most frequent aetiological factors. Considering multiple resistance of Acinetobacter spp. to antibiotics, the treatment should be based on sensitivity tests and the ability of a given antibiotic to penetrate into cerebrospinal fluid. In our opinion, both reasonable antibiotic policy as well as observing the principles of hygiene and monitoring infections play equally important roles in the prevention of infections with Acinetobacter spp. Such combined measures may help to prevent the spreading of multiple resistant strains in hospital environment.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter/pathogenicity , Acinetobacter Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Acinetobacter Infections/diagnosis , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Humans , Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged
10.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; Rev. chil. enferm. respir;11(2): 73-8, abr.-jun. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173493

ABSTRACT

Se revisan las cifras de resistencia secundaria y la multiresistencia (MR) en 1993 y 1994, de las cepas enviadas al Laboratorio de Referencia de Micobacteraias para efectuar la prueba de sensibilidad a drogas antituberculosas; se miden los porcentajes separadamente en enfermos antes tratados (AT) y en controles de tratamiento (CT) con sospecha de fracaso y se comparan con las cifras precedentes de estudios dirigidos, por muestreo. La resistencia en AT se mantiene en porcentajes de 10,6 por ciento y 20,5 por cientocon MRde 4,9 y 3,4 por ciento en 1993 y 1994 respectivamente, en todo semejantes a las determinaciones de 1985-1988 y 1991. En cepas provenientes de CT en cambio, la resistencia total fue más elevada de 55,2 y 48,1 por ciento, con MR de 26,8 y 25,3 por ciento; y con variaciones importantes en las diversas determinaciones. La semejanza en las cifras globales y su distribución por drogas entre los estudios específicos de 1985-88 y 91 con los observados en 1993-94, certificarían la validez de estas últimas como herramienta de vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia adquirida


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Drug Therapy/adverse effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Rebound Effect
11.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 55(1): 24-8, ene. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232662

ABSTRACT

Introudcción. Serratia marcescens es un patógeno oportunista en hospederos inmunocomprometidos y se asocia fundamentalmente a brotes intrahospitalarios con tasas de letalidad elevadas. El propósito del presente estudio fue tipificar 2 poblaciones de S. marcescens de origen clínico aisladas en 2 institutos pediátricos semejantes. Material y métodos. Se empleó el sistema de biotipificación propuesto por Grimont para la caracterización de 65 cepas del Hospital Infantil de México, originalmente clasificadas como Enterobacter sp y 35 cepas del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría aisladas en un brote intrahospitalario. Reesultados. El biogrupo más numeroso en ambas poblaciones fue el A 5/8 y de éste los biotipos A8a y A8b; se observaron variaciones en las proporciones de los biotipos identificados acordes al hospital de aislamiento, así como en los biotipos y patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos en cepas aisladas del mismo pacientes en muestras diferentes. Conclusiones. Del presente estudio se concluye que es importante que en los hospitales se realicen estudios epidemiológicos particulares de sus poblaciones de S. marcescens, pero es más importante aún que se lleve a cabo una correcta identificación de esta bacteria para valorar adecuadamente su importancia como patógeno oportunista en nuestro medio


Subject(s)
Humans , Biotypology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Onions , Sampling Studies , Serratia marcescens/classification , Serratia marcescens/isolation & purification
14.
León; s.n; 2003. 43 p. tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-345861

ABSTRACT

El documento presenta un estudio descriptivo de series de casos, realizado en el Hospital Escuela "Oscar Danilo Rosales" (HEODRA), a 75 pacientes sospechososs de tener infección de las vías urinarias y que acudieron a emergencia del servicio de pediatría y que estaban Hospitalizados en dicho departamento con datos clínicos sugestivos de infección de vías urinarias en la edad comprendida de: mayores de 2 meses y menores de 12 años, durante el período comprendidodel 1º de junio al 30 de noviembre del 2002. Para la inclusión en el estudio se tomaron los siguiente criterios: presentar al menos dos hallazgos clínicos (disuria, urgencia, frecuencia, sensibilidad suprapúbiica, fiebre mayor de 37.8ºC, escalofrios, dolor en flancos, náuseas, vómitos) en pacientes dentro del margen de edad establecido. Excepto los pacientes menores de 2 años que presentaron fiebre sin foco aparente como único síntoma


Subject(s)
Clinical Diagnosis , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pyelonephritis , Urinary Tract Infections
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