Subject(s)

Pain Management/history , Pain/history , Anesthesia/history , Anesthesia/methods , Animals , Aspirin/history , Brain/pathology , Brain/physiopathology , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Cocaine/history , Cocaine/therapeutic use , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes/history , Dental Caries/history , Dental Caries/therapy , Electric Stimulation Therapy/history , Endorphins/history , Endorphins/metabolism , Female , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Hyoscyamus , Isoquinolines/history , Isoquinolines/metabolism , Male , Mice , Microglia/physiology , Models, Psychological , Morphine/history , Morphine/pharmacology , Morphine/therapeutic use , Nerve Block/history , Neuroimaging/history , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Nitrous Oxide/history , Nitrous Oxide/pharmacology , Nociceptors/metabolism , Opium/history , Pain/physiopathology , Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism , Sex Characteristics , Spinal Puncture , T-Lymphocytes/physiology