ABSTRACT
Silicosis is an occupational pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of silica (SiO2) and there are no ideal drugs to treat this disease. Earthworm extract (EE), a natural nutrient, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis effects. The purpose of the current study was to test the protective effects of EE against SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms using both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that treatment with EE significantly reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis and improved lung structure and function in SiO2-instilled mice. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that EE administration markedly inhibited SiO2-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HBE and A549 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Nrf2 activation partly mediates the interventional effects of EE against SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our study has identified EE to be a potential anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic drug for silicosis.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Lung/drug effects , Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control , Silicosis/drug therapy , Tissue Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/immunology , RNA Interference , Random Allocation , Respiratory Mucosa/cytology , Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Silicosis/metabolism , Silicosis/pathology , Silicosis/physiopathology , Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms , Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage , Tissue Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of Eisemia foetida protein (EFP) burn spray. METHODS: A five-factor, three-level response surface method was employed; The response variable was the proliferation effect of EFP on NIH3T3 cells. RESULTS: The optimization formulation was as follows: the proportion of EFP, glycerol and mannitol was 0.91%, 1.42% and 5%, respectively; 0.02 mol/L Na2 HPO4 and 0.01 mol/L citric acid buffer system corresponding pH value was 7.0. CONCLUSION: The response surface method is reliable, efficient and suitable for optimizing the formulation of EFP burn spray.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Mannitol/chemistry , Materia Medica/chemistry , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Proteins/chemistry , Aerosols , Animals , Burns/drug therapy , Citric Acid/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Mice , NIH 3T3 Cells , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/chemistryABSTRACT
Pheretima (family Megascolecidae) has been documented as a potent agent for the treatment of cough and breathing difficulty in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly 2000 years. The water extract of Pheretima was separated into three fractions of the ethanolic precipitate, the alkaline fraction and the acidic fraction. Among the three fractions, the acidic fraction showed the most potent spasmolytic effects on histamine-induced contractions in isolated guinea pig tracheal rings, and the most inhibitory activities on increase of short circuit current induced by carbachol in isolated rat tracheal epitheliums with the IC50 values of 0.15 and 0.08 mg/ml, respectively. Further in vivo studies also displayed that the acidic fraction could protect experimental asthma model induced by the combination of histamine and acetylcholine chloride in guinea pigs to prolong the latent periods of asthma (P < 0.05) and significantly decrease the cough frequency caused by ammonia water in mice (P < 0.001).
Subject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology , Asthma/drug therapy , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Parasympatholytics/pharmacology , Trachea/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/chemistry , Antitussive Agents/chemistry , Antitussive Agents/pharmacology , Asthma/chemically induced , Cough/chemically induced , Cough/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epithelium/drug effects , Epithelium/metabolism , Female , Guinea Pigs , Histamine , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Male , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Parasympatholytics/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Trachea/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of compound decoction on notoginsenosides in Panax notoginseng. METHOD: Notoginsenoside R1, Rg1, Re, Rb1 and pH were used as the parameters to investigate the changes on the content of notoginsenosides in different compound extractions by heating for two hours and their correlation with pH. RESULT: When the pH values of solution of P. notoginseng with Fructus ligustri, P. notoginseng with Eupolyphaga seu steleophaga, P. notoginseng with Pheretima asiatica, and Zhitangjiang Fang (free of Hirudo) were rept higher than 5.7, the reserved rate (RR) of notoginsenside were higher than 90%; When the pH values of decoetion of P. notoginseng with Salvia miltiorrhiza, P. notoginseng with Paeonia lactiflora, P. notoginseng with Platycodon grandiflorum, P. notoginseng with Arctium lappa were kept 4.5-5.5, their RR of notoginsenside were 60% - 85%; When the pH values of the decotction of P. notoginseng with Hirudo nipponica was decreased to 3.4, its RR of of notoginsenside was 38.4%; When the pH values of Zhitangjiang Fang extraction was regulated by 0.1% NaOH solution to pH 6. 3, and the RR of notoginsenside increased to 97%. CONCLUSION: The pH of other Chinese herbal medicines extraction with P. notoginseng compound is a critical effect on the stability and yields of notoginsensides.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Ginsenosides/analysis , Panax/chemistry , Animals , Arctium/chemistry , Cockroaches/chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Hirudo medicinalis/chemistry , Hot Temperature , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ligustrum/chemistry , Materia Medica/chemistry , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Paeonia/chemistry , Platycodon/chemistry , Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Earthworm decoction on the airway inflammation of experimental bronchial asthma in guinea pigs and inquire into the mechanism in the decoction. METHOD: Forty-eight guinea pigs were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, the dexamethasone group, the Xiaoqinglong decoction group, the earthworm decoction large dosage group and the Earthworm decoction low dosage group, 8 guinea pigs in each group. Except the control group, the other groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) by a combination of intraperitional injection and repeated intranasal challenges to establish the guinea pigs asthma model. However, in the control group, normal saline was used. The morphological changes of bronchial tube, the lung tectology and the inflammation germ cell quantity of eosinophils (Eos), lymphocytes (Ly), neutrophils (Neu) and total blood cells in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavaga fluid (BALF) were examinated in each group respectively. RESULT: The levels of Eos, Ly, Neu and total cell quantity in the blood and BALF after the earthworm decoction treatment in the large dosage group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P <0.01), and in the low dosage group were lower too (P <0.05). The Earthworm decoction large dosage could obviously improve the bronchial tube epidermis damage, the mucous membrane gland proliferation and hydrops, asthma pathology change and basilar membrane accumulation. Eos apoptosis was obsered in the bronchoalveolar, blood and BALF. The Earthworm decoction small dosage had a similar effect but slightly to the large dosage. CONCLUSION: The Earthworm decoction can lighten the airway inflammation in asthmatic guinea pigs, its mechanism is related with the inhibition of Eos infiltration, acceleration of Eos apoptosis and improvement of the bronchial tube and the lung tectology changes. The effect of the decoction is dose-dependent.
Subject(s)
Asthma/pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Eosinophils/pathology , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oligochaeta , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Asthma/chemically induced , Bronchi/pathology , Bronchi/ultrastructure , Bronchitis/pathology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Guinea Pigs , Leukocyte Count , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Neutrophils/pathology , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Ovalbumin , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Random AllocationABSTRACT
In order to investigate the effects of extract of Dilong (Pheretima) on the skin viability and lipid peroxidation after deep degree II scalds, the extract of Dilong (Pheretima) at two concentrations (5%, 10%) were respectively applied to the surface of wound. The oxygen consumption, the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, the Schiff's base content, and the healing time of wound surface were determined in Wistar rats at the 8th, 24th, 48th and 72th hour after scalds, with SD-Ag used as controls. The results indicated that the oxygen consumption and SDH activity decreased, and the schiff's base content increased after the scalds. After the application of the extract of Dilong, the oxygen consumption and SDH activity increased, and the schiff's base content decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the mean healing time of the wound surface was five days in advance in the two treatment groups as compared with the control group. It is suggested that the scalds are related with lipid peroxdation to a certain extent, and the extract of Dilong has actions of attenuating lipid peroxidation, and promoting healing of the wound.
Subject(s)
Burns/drug therapy , Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of hypoxanthine in Pheretima aspergillum from different habitats. METHOD: A RP-HPLC method was established. The chromatographic column was Inertsil ODS-EP. The mobile phase was H2O-CH3OH-C4H8O(93:: 7: 0.05). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. RESULTS: The average recoveries for hypoxanthine was 98.6% , precision of the method was 0. 50% (RSD, n = 6). CONCLUSION: The method can be used to determine the content of hypoxanthine in Pheretima aspergillum from diffrent habitats.
Subject(s)
Hypoxanthine/analysis , Materia Medica/chemistry , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Materia Medica/analysis , Pharmacognosy , Quality ControlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the proportion and mechanism of relieving asthma of drug partnership comprising herbal Ephedrae & Pheretima. METHOD: To study relaxant effect on 10 micromol x L(-1) carbachol (CCh) and 10 micromol x L(-1) histamine (His) precontracted isolated tracheal rings and lowering effect on short-circuit current (Isc) increase induced by 10 micromol x L(-1) CCh with 3 proportions of 1:1, 1:3, 1:9 extract. RESULT: 1:3 proportions dose-dependently relaxed CCh-precontracted isolated tracheal rings, IC50 of 1:1, 1:3 is 7.5, 15 mg x mL(-1) respectively, 1:9 could not produce 50% inhibition effect on CCh-evoked contraction; 3 proportions also dose-dependently relaxed His-precontracted isolated tracheal rings, IC50 of 1:9, 1:3 and 1:1 is 0.19, 0.61, 1.8 mg x mL(-1) respectively. On the other hand,the orders potency of the decrease effect on CCh-evoked short circuit current increase is 1:3 > 1:1 > 1:9. The difference is not significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Herbal Ephedrae & Pheretima had tracheal muscle relaxant and epithelium ion secretion inhibition effect, its mechanism of relieving asthma involved anti-CCh and anti-His effect 1:3 was the most appropriate dosage ratio in the anti-asthmatic drug partnership.
Subject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Ephedra sinica , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage , Asthma/physiopathology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Ephedra sinica/chemistry , Guinea Pigs , Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Shuxuetong injection on cerebral tissue and brain microvascular endothelial cell(BMEC) in secreting tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). METHOD: The experiment in vivo was designed for three groups: sham-operation group, focal cerebral ischemia model group, Shuxuetong injection-treated group. The gene expression and the activity of tPA on brains were detected by RT-PCR and chromogenic substrate analysis respectively after treatment for five days; The experiment in vitro: The cultured BMEC were divided into experimental group and control group. The Shuxuetong injection were added into experimental group and the BMECs in the experimatal groups were treated for 24 h. The gene expression and the activity of tPA on cultured BMEC were detected by RT-PCR and chromogenic substrate analysis respectively. RESULT: The gene expression and the content of tPA on both cerebral tissue and BMEC in the experimatal groups were significantly higher than that in the control groups. CONCLUSION: Shuxuetong injection could accelerate secretion of tPA, and therefore enhance fibrinolysis.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Brain/blood supply , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/biosynthesis , Animals , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Cells, Cultured , Drug Combinations , Endothelial Cells/cytology , Female , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Injections , Leeches/chemistry , Male , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Microcirculation/cytology , Oligochaeta/chemistry , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenluotong on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and extracellular matrix (ECM) in Ang II-induced MCs. METHOD: Fibronectin (FN) and collagen type IV (Col IV) of extracellular matrix were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULT: A positive correlation between TGF-beta1 and ECM were found in the present study. FN, Col IV and TGF-beta1 mRNA were inhibited by Shenluotong significantly. CONCLUSION: Shenluotong can decrease the accumulation of ECM and inhibit the expression of TGF-beta1, suggesting further that shenluotong can be used to prevent and treat various glomerular diseases and delay glomerular sclerosis.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Fibronectins/metabolism , Glomerular Mesangium/cytology , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis , Animals , Astragalus propinquus/chemistry , Cells, Cultured , Collagen Type IV/metabolism , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Female , Male , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Lumbricus in promoting wound healing of ligation hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Spray the artificial grown fresh Lumbricus solution on the wound surface of the mixed hemorrhoid patients (treated group) after hemorrhoidectomy and also on wound of the experimental animals, and Lithospermum erythrorhizon medicated gauze was taken as control to observe the effect of treatment on wound healing and histologic change. RESULTS: The mean wound healing time of the treated group was 16.5 +/- 1.8 days, as compared to the control group (21.2 +/- 2.8 days), it was obviously shortened (P < 0.01), 3 days after medication, the growth of epidermis of the treated group was obviously more rapid than that of the control group, no wound infection and granulation hyperplasia were found. The experimental study showed that Lumbricus preparation could inhibit inflammation, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, coli and proteus bacillus was inhibited. In comparison with the control group, the experimental group shortened the healing period for 4 days. On the 4th and 7th day, sacrificed rabbits' capillary count, vessel lumen endothelial cell count, and mesenchymal fibroblast count of the experimental group grower obviously than those of the control group, on the 4th day, the mesenchymal cell mitosis of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, while on the 7th day, the cell nucleus mitotic index in the experimental group also was higher than that in the control group, from the 3rd day on, wound healing and granulation filling speed of the experimental group obviously more rapid than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The Lumbricus preparation is cheap in price, easy to preserve, can be used in promoting wound healing, without any toxic and side-effects.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhoids/drug therapy , Materia Medica , Oligochaeta , Wound Healing/drug effects , Adult , Animals , Female , Hemorrhoids/surgery , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Oligochaeta/chemistry , RabbitsABSTRACT
A set of characteristics (profiles) of Pheretima aspergillum and Pheretima (Dilong) injection were obtained from thin layer chromatography. It provides scientific method for identification and quality evaluation of Pheretima aspergillum and Pheretima (Dilong) injection.
Subject(s)
Materia Medica/chemistry , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Pharmaceutical Solutions/chemistry , Animals , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Materia Medica/standards , Oligochaeta/classification , Pharmaceutical Solutions/standards , Quality ControlABSTRACT
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme is isolated from one species of Pheretima by means of homogenizing, extracting with an extractive agent, precipitating with ammunonium sulfate, ultrafiltration and chromatography. The enzyme consists of a single chain with an M. W. of 22,000. It can not only dissolve human thrombi and fibrin directly and strongly, but also activate human plasminogen. The enzyme shows little toxic and side effects in animal tests. The activity, purity and etraction-rate of the enzyme in this report are all very high.
Subject(s)
Fibrinolysin/isolation & purification , Fibrinolytic Agents/isolation & purification , Materia Medica , Oligochaeta/enzymology , Animals , Fibrinolysin/pharmacology , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Male , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Mice , Molecular Weight , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Plasminogen Activators/pharmacologyABSTRACT
To study chemical constituents in Pheretima aspergillum, three kinds of fractions were obtained from this drug by soxhlet extraction with different solvents, and the chemical structures of thirty-six volatile components were identified by means of GC-MS. The eleven in ether fraction were all lipids and the relative content of non-saturated fatty acid was the highest(27.70%) such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosatrienoic acid; There were eight lipids in acetone fraction (35.75%), which included one kind of nonsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid); There were thirteen lipids in ethanol fraction (72.09%), which non-saturated fatty acid has never been detected. This study has determined the lipid composition in Pheretima aspergillum, especially non-saturated fatty acid, and afforded chemical base to cardio-cerebro-vascular therapy.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis , Lipids/chemistry , Materia Medica/chemistry , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Animals , Arachidonic Acid/analysis , Cholesterol/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Linoleic Acid/analysis , Lipids/isolation & purification , Oleic Acid/analysis , Stearic Acids/analysisABSTRACT
Experiments showed that intravenous administration of pheretima decoction elicited pronounced decrease of hypotension in rats. Pretreatment with CV6209, a specific PAF antagonist, significantly inhibited the hypotensive activity of pheretima. Furthermore, an analog of PAF was separated from the total lipids of pheretima and its content was measured to be around 90-130 ng/g.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Platelet Activating Factor/isolation & purification , Animals , Biological Assay , Female , Male , Materia Medica/chemistry , Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Hot water extraction of Pheretima have marked actions in antipyretic, hypotensive, antiasthmatic and diuresis. Among them Guang-Pheretima and Hu-Pheretima are stronger than Tu-Pheretima in antipyretic. The difference of the intensity of Pheretima in the other actions is not obvious.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Asthma/chemically induced , Asthma/drug therapy , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Diuretics/pharmacology , Female , Fever/drug therapy , Guinea Pigs , Male , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Mice , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of Qilong capsule (QLC) on the hemoreology in acute stress blood stasis model rats. METHOD: The model of acute stress blood stasis rats were induced by putting the rats into ice-water between hyodermic epinephrine twice of 1 mg x kg(-1). With the models, the effect of QLC on hemoreology such as whole blood viscosity, whole blood reduction viscosity, plasma viscosity, haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte deformation and erythrocyte aggregation were observed. RESULT: QLC 0.6, 0.3, 0.15 g x kg(-1) could significantly reduce the increase of whole blood viscosity at high-middle-low shear rate, reduce the whole blood reduction viscosity at middle-low shear rate, reduce Hct and erythrocyte aggregation, and increase the erythrocyte deformation in acute stress blood stasis rats (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, compared with vehicle). QLC 0.6, 0.3 g x kg(-1) could also reduce plasma viscosity (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, compared with vehicle). CONCLUSION: QLC can significantly improve some indexes of hemoreology in acute stress blood stasis rats.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Hemorheology/drug effects , Hemostasis/drug effects , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Stress, Physiological/physiopathology , Animals , Astragalus propinquus/chemistry , Blood Viscosity/drug effects , Capsules , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Erythrocyte Aggregation/drug effects , Erythrocyte Deformability/drug effects , Male , Materia Medica/administration & dosage , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistrySubject(s)
Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oligochaeta , Amino Acids, Essential/analysis , Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Materia Medica/toxicity , Oligochaeta/chemistrySubject(s)
Fibrinolysin/pharmacology , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Oligochaeta/chemistry , Animals , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Blood Viscosity/drug effects , Fibrinolysin/isolation & purification , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Hemorheology/drug effects , Humans , Materia Medica/isolation & purification , Thrombin/metabolismABSTRACT
An analytical method for determining the contents of 7 nucleic acid bases, 6 ribonucleosides and 5 deoxyribonucleosides in animal crude drugs were established. The contents in free nucleic acid components (the ice-cold extracts) and in total nucleic acid components (the heated extracts) of 8 crude drugs were quite different from one another, indicating that these content patterns could be used as a "signal" of each animal crude drug. For example, the contents of inosine in Lumbricus, uracil in Cervi Parvum Cornu, and guanine and hypoxanthine in Hippocampus were high. The total contents in each crude drug were about twice or three times as large as the free contents. The main degradation products by the heated extracts were adenine and guanine. These results suggested that the contents of nucleic acid components could be one of the "signal" constituents for evaluation of animal crude drugs.