[Effects of crude extract of earthworm on promoting blood circulation to removing stasis].

The crude extract of earthworm which has a thrombolytic effect could significantly decrease the plasma fibrinogen content and euglobulin lysis time (P < 0.01). An enzymatic preparation, containing many fibrinolytic enzymes, was prepared from the crude extract by ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. When administered in rabbits, the enzymatic preparation had an effect in hemorheology improvement. The experiment shows the enzymatic preparation could obviously lower the aggregation of platelets, decrease the viscosity of whole blood and plasma as well as the index of erythrocyte rigidity significantly (P < 0.001). All these effects demonstrated its ability in promoting blood circulation to remove stasis.

[The effects of Pavulon (pancuronium bromide) on maternal circulation and metabolism as well as on fetal metabolism and postnatal condition at Caesarean section (author's transl)]. / Der Einfluss von Pavulon (Pancuroniumbromid) auf den Kreislauf und Stoffwechselparameter von Mutter und Kind bei Sectio caesarea.

The effects of pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) on maternal circulation and metabolism as well as on fetal metabolism and postnatal conditions were studied in 13 women in late pregnancy (between gestational weeks 33 and 40) requiring Caesarean section in general anaesthesia. A comparison with results of 50 spontaneous deliveries without analgetics was performed. The average dosage of 4 mg did not effect the maternal blood pressure, fetal muscle tonus and cardiorespiratory adaption of the newborn. According to general anaesthesia we found in acid-base status a pH decrease with respiratory acidosis in comparison with spontaneous deliveries without anaesthetics, but pH and pCO2 were normalized 30 min after delivery. On the contrary, the oxygen tension were higher as at delivery as 30 min after delivery by Caesarean section. Although 1 minute Apgar score was lower than after spontaneous delivery the heart rate and frequency of ventilation were normal in every time and in the following minutes Apgar score was 7 to 10, too. An effect of pancuronium bromide to maternal or fetal carbohydrate metabolism could not be found. The less side effects on maternal cardiovascular system and the missing influence in postnatal condition recommand pancuronium bromide as a suitable relaxant in obstetrical anaesthesia, too.

Respiration, circulation and anaesthetic management in obesity. Investigation before and after jejunoileal bypass.

Some ventilatory and circulatory parameters were studied in 17 very obese patients before and after weight reduction following jejunoileal bypass. A low vital capacity and signs of impaired lung function with intrapulmonary shunting, increased alveolar-arterial Po2 difference and low Pao2 were found. Although the spirometric values improved significantly after weight reduction, the ventilatory disturbance persisted. A normal response to inhalation of CO2 was seen. The total blood volume was high and did not change after weight reduction. However, if calculated as blood volume per kg body weight, the values were lower than normal, and they increased as a consequence of weight reduction. Cardiac output was slightly lower than normal in relation to oxygen consumption. Total peripheral resistance was normal. Arterial blood pressure, which was in the high normal range preoperatively, decreased significantly after weight reduction. Total doses of intravenous anaesthetic agents and muscle relaxants were the same as for patients of normal weight. The importance of preoperative evaluation and of respiratory care of obese patients undergoing elective surgery is stressed.

Onset time for alcuronium and pancuronium after cremophor-containing anaesthetics.

Cremophor is a nonionic, surface-acting agent, previously shown to bind to proteins and biological membranes. The compound is used as a solvent for certain anaesthetics. The effects of this surfactant on the onset times for alcuronium and pancuronium were investigated. Both artery-to-muscle (A-M) and vein-to-muscle (V-M) onset times were determined after cremophor- and non-cremophor-containing induction agents. Circulatory effects of the surfactant were investigated by measuring the blood velocity of the brachial artery using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. A significant reduction in both A-M and V-M onset time was found for pancuronium after cremophor-containing anaesthetics. However, no difference was found for the onset times for alcuronium in the two induction groups. In contrast to alcuronium, there was no significant difference between A-M and V-M onset times for pancuronium. Arterial blood velocity was found to be practically the same after cremophor and non-cremophor induction agents. The possible of a stronger affinity of pancuronium than alcuronium to intravascular binding sites is suggested. Cremophor might, due to its protein and membrane effects, interfere with pancuronium association to these sites.

Hamamelis, el mejor aliado de la circulación sanguínea / Hamamelis, an ally of the bloodstream

Mucha gente sufre de dolores en las extremidades porque tiene una deficiente circulación sanguínea. Contrario a lo que pudiera pensarse, esta situación no es exclusiva de la vejez ya que puede presentarse, incluso, a partir de la segunda década de la vida

Homoeopathy and homeostasis in the vascular system - Part I

This two-part paper offers a novel, experimentally derived explanation of how homoeopathic remedies may work. It expands, at the kind suggestion of the Editor of the British Homoeopathic Journal, on a short article which I submitted earlier on the same subject to the Newsletter of the Homoeopathic Association of Ireland. The first part of the paper presents evidence of a homeostatic mechanism in a dog's vein which provides a physiological basis for the Law of Similars. The second part offers evidence that the same mechanism operates throughout the body and that homoeopathic physicians already make empirical use of it. Part 1 of the paper has three sections. The first explains what the Law of Similars is and what it implies. It suggests the reasons why, I believe, main-line pharmacologists and allopathic physicians deny its plausibility. It describes the first evidence I obtained of a physiological process which would allow the Law of Similars to operate in the lateral saphenous vein of the dog. The second section describes experiments in which noradrenaline, isoprenaline and acetylcholine were used to both constrict and dilate the saphenous vein by direct action on its smooth muscle. Section three deals with the vasa vasorum which are a crucial element in vascular homeostasis and in the operation of the Law of Similars in the dog's vein. It describes some of the special features which characterize the action of drugs released through the vasa vasorum. Section four in part 2 shows that the homeostatic mechanism which is present in the vein operates also in the circulatory system in general and the coronary vessels in particular. It offers evidence which suggests that the mechanism operates also in the kidney and the brain and in the whole body. Section five examines the nature of homoeopathy in the light of the new knowledge. It suggests how homoeopathy works and how the homoeopathic physician can maximize the effectiveness of his prescribed drugs. It shows how the Law of Similars is implicated in the aetiology of many common degenerative diseases and in ageing. It closes with a look at environmental pollution and shows why standard testing techniques fail to detect the true extent of this problem