Psicoestimulantes menores consumidos por estudiantes de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, 2019 / Minor psychostimulants consumed by students of San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University, 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el consumo de psicoestimulantes en estudiante de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. Se recolectaron los datos mediante encuestas aplicadas a 331 estudiantes. El estudio reveló el psicoestimulante de mayor consumo con 31,88% el café y la coca cola con 26,65%, en su mayoría fueron consumidos con fines académicos. En los efectos secundarios, la sed se estableció como el más frecuente en estudiantes con 30,74%, seguido por cefalea con 27,56% y el cansancio en 14,84%. Se concluye que el café se determina como psicoestimulante menor más consumido en épocas de actividad académica y la sed como el efecto secundario más frecuente.

The objective of the study was to determine the consumption of psychostimulants in a student at the San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University. The data were collected through surveys applied to 331 students. The study revealed the psychostimulant with the highest consumption with 31.88%, coffee and coca cola with 26.65%, most of which were consumed for academic purposes. Regarding side effects, thirst was established as the most frequent in students with 30.74%, followed by headache with 27.56% and fatigue in 14.84%. It is concluded that coffee is determined as the minor psychostimulant most consumed in times of academic activity and thirst as the most frequent side effect.

Identification of Erythroxylum taxa by AFLP DNA analysis.

Erythroxylum coca, indigenous to the Andean region of South America, is grown historically as a source of homeopathic medicine. However, in the last century, cultivation of E. coca and several closely-related species for the production of illicit cocaine has become a major global problem. Two subspecies, E. coca var. coca and E. coca var. ipadu, are almost indistinguishable phenotypically; a related cocaine-bearing species also has two subspecies (E. novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) that are phenotypically similar, but morphologically distinguishable. The purpose of this research was to discover unique AFLP DNA patterns ("genetic fingerprinting") that characterize the four taxa and then, if successful, to evaluate this approach for positive identification of the various species of coca. Of seven different AFLP primer pairs tested, a combination of five proved optimal in differentiating the four taxa as well as a non-cocaine-bearing species, E. aerolatum. This method of DNA fragment separation was selective, and faster, for coca identification, compared with analyses based on flavonoid chemotaxonomy. Using the 5-primer AFLP approach, 132 known and unknown coca leaf accessions were evaluated. Of these, 38 were collected in 1997-2001 from illicit coca fields in Colombia, and all were genetically differentiated from coca originating in Peru and Bolivia. Based on the DNA profiling, we believe that the Colombian coca now represents a hybridization of E. coca var. ipadu. Geographical profiling within Colombia also seems feasible as new coca production areas are developed or new types of coca are introduced within traditional growing areas.

Usos y costumbres sobre hierbas medicinales en barrios periurbanos del sudeste de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina / Uses and customs on medicinal herbs in periurban neighborhoods ofsoutheastern Salta City, Argentina

Desde la medicina oficial se desconoce y subestima el uso de otras formas de atención, por lo que este trabajo tiene como objetivos caracterizar el conocimiento sobre uso de hierbas medicinales en la zona sudeste de la ciudad de Salta; identificar cuáles se utilizan para tratar problemas de salud; y valorar su frecuencia de uso. Se realizó una investigación cuali-cuantitativa, entrevistando a informantes claves y grupos focales. Se confeccionaron listas de hierbas medicinales, y sus usos se categorizaron por problemas de salud. Se realizó una encuesta sobre frecuencia de usos medicinales. Se mencionaron 59 hierbas medicinales con una media de 2,3 usos por planta. Con un "Nivel de importancia Significativo" se encuentran quimpe, tusca, paico, coca, molle, ruda y hediondilla. El "coqueo" se encontró en 54% de las familias. El 52% utiliza alguna hierba para afecciones gastrointestinales, el 45% para problemas de la piel, el 40 % para afecciones respiratorias, el 33% para "empacho" y 17% para problemas renales, sin diferencias significativas en los usos por grupo etáreo. La población tiene amplio conocimiento sobre hierbas medicinales. La medicina formal debe legitimar estos conocimientos e incluirlos en su práctica.

Traditional health professionals underestimate and fail to recognize the use of other forms of health care, therefore this research has the objective of characterizing knowledge about the use of medicinal herbs in the southeastern area of Salta city; to identify which herbs are used to treat health problems; and to assess its frequency of use. Qualitative and quantitative research was conducted by interviewing key informants and focus groups. Lists of medicinal herbs and uses were created and categorized by health problems. Finally, a closed survey on frequency of use was carried out. Fifty-nine herbs were mentioned with an average of 2.3 uses per plant. quimpe, tusca , paico, coca, molle, ruda and hediondillawere herbs marked as “with a Significant Level of Impotanse”. The use of coca was found in 54% of the families interviewed. Fifty-two percent used some herb for gastrointestinal disorders, 45% for skin problems, 40% for respiratory conditions, 33% for indigestion and 17% for kidney problems, with no significant differences in uses according toage groups. Population has a good knowledge of medicinal herbs. Formal medicine should legitimize this knowledge and include it in its practice.

The detection and characterization of controlled drugs imported into the United Kingdom.

The Laboratory of the Government Chemist examines most of the drugs that have been seized at the point of entry into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and has developed analytical methods for their rapid identification in the field and for more exact analysis and quantitation in the Laboratory. These methods are described for the major types of drugs encountered. Many seizures are examined in greater detail in order to compare samples and to correlate origin with physical and chemical appearance. Information on the procedures necessary to undertake this aspect of work is also presented.

Uso de substancias classificadas como "proscritas" no receituario homeopatico / Homeopathic use of substances classified as "proscript"

O uso, em homeopatia, de substancias classificadas como proscritas tm sido, nos ultimos anos, um problema tanto para prescritores como para mnipuladores. O medicamento homeopatico, quando prescrito pela lei dos semelhantes... (AU)