Medicinal grade opium tincture for severe diarrhea: effect revisited in observational study.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic diarrhea is a common disorder that interferes with normal daily activities and results in poor quality of life. Fecal urgency and incontinence often necessitate clinical consultation, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are difficult to differentiate in a clinical setting. Therefore, drugs targeting the opioid receptors, such as diphenoxylate and loperamide, are typically used, as they reduce both gut motility and secretion. RECENT FINDINGS: For severe diarrhea, morphine-containing extemporaneous opium tincture drops have recently been reprofiled to a pharmaceutical. The drug is indicated for severe diarrhea in adults when other antidiarrheals do not give sufficient fecal emptying control. The pronounced effect is due to the liquid formulation with rapid onset as a drug dissolution step is avoided. A recent prospective, noninterventional study (CLARIFY) of patients treated with opioid drops demonstrates a rapid and sustained therapeutic effect. Tolerance does not develop for the antidiarrheal effect and no dependence was observed after discontinuation. SUMMARY: This mini-review discusses the use of opium derivates for treatment of diarrhea, with an emphasis on opium drops as a new medicinal grade opium for the use as additional treatment of severe diarrhea, emphasizing its mechanism of action and evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in the clinical setting.

Opium tincture has anti-propulsive effects in patients with chronic diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and cross-over trial.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic diarrhea affects approximately 5% of the population. Opioids inhibit gastrointestinal motility, and opium tincture has shown anti-propulsive effects in healthy, but no controlled studies of its clinical efficacy exist. We aimed to investigate the anti-propulsive and central nervous system (CNS) effects of opium tincture in patients with chronic diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in subjects with chronic diarrhea refractory to standard treatment. Participants received opium tincture or placebo during two intervention periods, each lasting seven days. Bowel movements were recorded daily, and gastrointestinal transit time was investigated with the wireless motility capsule system. Gastrointestinal symptoms, health-related quality of life, and CNS effects (pupil size, reaction time, memory, and general cognition) were also investigated, along with signs of addiction. RESULTS: Eleven subjects (mean age: 45 ± 17 years, 46% males) with a median of 4.7 daily bowel movements were included. The number of daily bowel movements was reduced during opium tincture treatment to 2.3 (p = 0.045), but not placebo (3.0, p = 0.09). Opium tincture prolonged the colonic transit time compared to placebo (17 h vs. 12 h, p < 0.001). In both treatment arms, there were no changes in self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, health-related quality of life, or CNS effects, and no indication of addiction was present. CONCLUSION: Opium tincture induced anti-propulsive effects in patients with chronic diarrhea refractory to standard treatment. This indicates that opium tincture is a relevant treatment strategy for selected patients with chronic diarrhea. Moreover, no evidence of opioid-induced sedation or addiction was found.Trial Registration Number: NCT05690321 (registered 2023-01-10).

A comparative study of the common complaints and secondary complications in patients of osteoarthritis on allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system of medicines.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis worldwide and progression of arthritis may lead to secondary complications. Osteoarthritis is the degradation of joint tissues from the effects of injury, grinding sensation and inflammation. There are three main systems of medicine including allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Plants are the basis for traditional medicine which is still widely practiced today. The objective of the present study is to find out the complaints and secondary complications in patients of osteoarthritis on allopathic, homeopathic and herbal system of medicine. This study was conducted in Karachi from January 2019 to January 2020. Allopathic, Homeopathic and Herbal practitioners were consulted in the study (n=600, with= 200 in each study group). Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 version. Finding of the study suggest that after the treatment with allopathic medicines orthopaedician, family physician or rheumatologist / internal medicine specialist, there was no significant difference in complaints (Chi-square =0.598, p=0.742). Moreover, there was no significant difference in complications (Chi-square = 0.039, p=0.981). While treatment with homeopathic medicines either by orthologist or family physician significant difference in complaints were observed (Chi-square =4.86, p=0.027). The patient visiting family physicians have higher number of complications than orthologists. While treatment with herbal medicines either by orthologists or family physician there was significant difference in complaints. (Chi-square =5.404, p=0.020). The study reveals that there is no significant difference of complaints and complications in allopathic systems of medicine when treating osteoarthritis, while it is significant for homeopathic and herbal medicine.

[Refractory Watery Diarrhea Due to an End-Stage Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Production Tumor Treated with Opium Tincture-A Case Report].

A female patient aged 77 years had refractory watery diarrhea caused by a vasoactive intestinal peptide production tumor. She had impaired consciousness. After presenting to our hospital, we administered opium tincture, after which the diarrhea ceased. Intravenous feeding was able to be stopped along with the potassium load and the infusion of octreotide, and loperamide. The antidiarrheal effects continued after opium tincture was stopped, and the patient was discharged home. These results reveal that opium tincture can be efficacious in treating end-stage refractory diarrhea.

Reduction of stool bacterial counts and prevention of diarrhea using an oral homeopathic product in newborn lambs.

Lamb farming is generally a secondary activity for farmers, and many breeding systems suffer from management failures that impair production. One reason for decline in performance is enteritis, usually affecting newborn lambs. Enteritis can be fatal, especially in dairy herds. Generally, lambs are fed sucrose or unprocessed milk from sheep or cow that is heated and fed to animals two or three times a day in baby bottles. However, on most farms, milk temperature differs among feeds, as often the process of alteration among diet adaptations is deficient, contributing to enteritis and consequent diarrhea. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to verify the administration of the homeopathic product (Dia 100®) in newborn and bottle-fed lambs, in order to prevent or minimize the occurrence of diarrhea. We studied 60 lambs, divided into two groups with ten repetitions each (n = 30) and during the nursing period (1-45 days of life). Animals in the treated group received the homeopathic product (36 g) orally divided into three doses (1, 7 and 14 days of life). We measured weight gain, mortality, bacterial counts (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) in feces, hematological analysis (leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocytes) and biochemical analyses (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin, globulin, urea and total protein) at four time-points. There were no differences in weight gain between groups (P > 0.05); however, there was a higher mortality rate in the control group (13%) than in the treated group (6%). E. coli counts were significantly higher in the stools of control group lambs on days 15 and 45 of the experiment (P < 0.05). Total leukocyte counts were greater in treated animals due to greater numbers of lymphocytes on day 15 of the experiment (P < 0.05). In the treated group, we found higher serum levels of total protein, urea (day 15), globulin and triglycerides (days 15 and 30). In the period of administration of the homeopathic product, there was substantial and significant reduction of cases of diarrhea (up to day 14); however, after this period, there were no difference between groups. Based on these results, we concluded that the homeopathic product had moderate efficacy in terms of control of diarrhea. The treated lambs made better use of nutrients, contributing to the development of their immune responses.

An Assessment of a Public Health Initiative of Homeopathy for Primary Teething.

BACKGROUND: During primary teething, children suffer from running nose, mild fever, diarrhoea and other mild irritations and inflammations. A public health programme, 'Homoeopathy for the Healthy Child', was undertaken on a pilot basis focusing on promotion of healthy teething by provision of home-based care through six pre-identified homeopathic medicines for complaints commonly observed during primary teething. This article assesses the feasibility of this programme and reports the impact of this initiative on teething profile in children and episodes of diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were trained in child care and usage of a kit comprising six medicines, namely Calcarea phosphoricum 6X (CP), Ferrum phosphoricum 3X, Magnesium phosphoricum 6X, Belladonna 30C, Chamomilla 30C and Podophyllum 30C. Calcarea phosphoricum was given regularly to each participating child from 6 months to 1 year of age. Home-based care for diarrhoea, URTI and mild fever was provided by ASHAs using the other five medicines in the kit. Dentition pattern and diarrhoea/URTI episodes were recorded over a period of the next 12 months. RESULTS: Eleven thousand four-hundred and twenty-six children were followed up regularly. Amongst those who enrolled at 6-7 months, a larger proportion of children were approaching expected teething in successive months as compared with children enrolled at 12 months, thus indicating that teething delays, if any, were overcome during this period. Incidence of diarrhoea and URTI showed decrease in the months after enrolment. Children responded favourably to the medicines given by ASHAs at the time of diarrhoea/URTI episodes, and ASHAs expressed satisfaction with the programme. CONCLUSION: An approach with regular use of CP and home-based care with homeopathy through health workers for common problems in teething children is acceptable to the community and enhances outreach of services to the public at large. Observations in terms of the healthy teething period may be further validated through studies of homeopathy with suitable comparator group.

Homeopathic treatment as an alternative prophylactic to minimize bacterial infection and prevent neonatal diarrhea in calves.

Bovine neonatal diarrhea is common due low immunity in newborn calves, poor management (or absence) of sanitary barriers, and other factors. Newborn calves with diarrhea in the first days of life suffer failure to thrive and may die if left untreated. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prophylactic administration of a homeopathic product (Dia 100®) can control bovine neonatal diarrhea in calves born on a farm with substantial sanitary challenges. We counted total bacteria and protozoan parasites in fecal samples. We measured serum glucose, total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides on days 1, 7 and 14 of life. Twenty newborn calves were maintained in individual stalls, and were divided in two groups: ten untreated animals (control) and ten animals treated with Dia 100®. Fecal consistency was evaluated daily. We diagnosed diarrhea in five animals in the treated group, and in all animals from the control group. Infections with Escherichia coli and Giardia duodenalis were identified as the responsible organisms. The E. coli count was low in the treatment group on day 7 of life compared with the control group. Antibiotics were given to eight animals in the control group, and to two animals in the treatment group. On day of life 7, serum levels of total protein and globulins were higher in the control group, but were lower on day 14. Serum levels of glucose and triglycerides were greater in treated animals on days 7 and 14, suggesting that the homeopathic product contributes to improvement of intestinal health and absorption and nutrients. We conclude that Dia 100® controls diarrhea with 50% of efficacy, and reduces antibiotic utilization.

Effects of opium tincture on the enteric and central nervous systems: A randomized controlled trial.

Opioids change gut motility, and opium tincture has been used for treatment of chronic diarrhoea for centuries. However, the effects have never been documented in controlled trials. We aimed to investigate the effects of opium tincture on gastrointestinal transit and motility, frequency of bowel movements, stool consistency, gastrointestinal symptoms and sedation. Twenty healthy subjects were included in this randomized controlled trial. Opium tincture or placebo was each applied for 9 days. Gastrointestinal transit and motility were investigated with the 3D-transit system. Bowel movements and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded daily. General cognition, reaction time, memory and electroencephalography were used to assess effects on the central nervous system. Opium tincture doubled colonic transit (49 vs. 23 h, p < 0.001), decreased antegrade colonic movements (p < 0.05), reduced daily bowel movements (0.7 vs. 1.2, p < 0.001) and increased stool consistency (Type 3 vs. Type 4, p < 0.001). No changes in general cognition, reaction time or memory were observed, and minor changes of power observed by electroencephalography did not indicate sedation. This study is the first to show that opium tincture has anti-propulsive properties in the healthy gut, while no sedative effects were seen. This indicates that opium tincture is a relevant and safe treatment option in chronic diarrhoea.

Adherence to treatment guidelines for acute diarrhoea in children up to 12 years in Ujjain, India--a cross-sectional prescription analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea accounts for 20% of all paediatric deaths in India. Despite WHO recommendations and IAP (Indian Academy of Paediatrics) and Government of India treatment guidelines, few children suffering from acute diarrhoea in India receive low osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc from health care providers. The aim of this study was to analyse practitioners' prescriptions for acute diarrhoea for adherence to treatment guidelines and further to determine the factors affecting prescribing for diarrhoea in Ujjain, India. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in pharmacies and major hospitals of Ujjain, India. We included prescriptions from all practitioners, including those from modern medicine, Ayurveda, Homeopathy as well as informal health-care providers (IHPs). The data collection instrument was designed to include all the possible medications that are given for an episode of acute diarrhoea to children up to 12 years of age. Pharmacy assistants and resident medical officers transferred the information regarding the current diarrhoeal episode and the treatment given from the prescriptions and inpatient case sheets, respectively, to the data collection instrument. RESULTS: Information was collected from 843 diarrhoea prescriptions. We found only 6 prescriptions having the recommended treatment that is ORS along with Zinc, with no additional probiotics, antibiotics, racecadotril or antiemetics (except Domperidone for vomiting). ORS alone was prescribed in 58% of the prescriptions; while ORS with zinc was prescribed in 22% of prescriptions, however these also contained other drugs not included in the guidelines. Antibiotics were prescribed in 71% of prescriptions. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed and often in illogical fixed-dose combinations. One such illogical combination, ofloxacin with ornidazole, was the most frequent oral antibiotic prescribed (22% of antibiotics prescribed). Practitioners from alternate system of medicine and IHPs are significantly less likely (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.46, P = 0.003) to prescribe ORS and zinc than pediatricians. Practitioners from 'free' hospitals are more likely to prescribe ORS and zinc (OR 4.94, 95% CI 2.45-9.96, P < 0.001) and less likely to prescribe antibiotics (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.01-0-04, P < 0.001) compared to practitioners from 'charitable' hospitals. Accompanying symptoms like the presence of fever, pain, blood in the stool and vomiting significantly increased antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated low adherence to standard treatment guidelines for management of acute diarrhoea in children under 12 years in Ujjain, India. Key public health concerns were the low use of zinc and the high use of antibiotics, found in prescriptions from both specialist paediatricians as well as practitioners from alternate systems of medicine and informal health-care providers. To improve case management of acute diarrhoea, continuing professional development programme targeting the practitioners of all systems of medicine is necessary.

Too much of too little: xylitol, an unusual trigger of a chronic metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis.

Homeopathic globules are frequently used in children as a first-line treatment. Most of these globules are coated with sugar substitutes like xylitol; these substitutes are known for their laxative effect. Our patient shows that consumption of globules coated with xylitol does not have only laxative effects. It may cause indeed considerable weight loss and life-threatening enteral bicarbonate loss by diarrhea when overdosed in an infant.

Homeopathy as replacement to antibiotics in the case of Escherichia coli diarrhoea in neonatal piglets.

BACKGROUND: The use of antibiotics in the livestock sector is increasing to such an extent that it threatens negative consequences for human health, animal health and the environment. Homeopathy might be an alternative to antibiotics. It has therefore been tested in a randomised placebo-controlled trial to prevent Escherichia coli diarrhoea in neonatal piglets. METHOD: On a commercial pig farm 52 sows of different parities, in their last month of gestation, were treated twice a week with either the homeopathic agent Coli 30K or placebo. The 525 piglets born from these sows were scored for occurrence and duration of diarrhoea. RESULTS: Piglets of the homeopathic treated group had significantly less E. coli diarrhoea than piglets in the placebo group (P<.0001). Especially piglets from first parity sows gave a good response to treatment with Coli 30K. The diarrhoea seemed to be less severe in the homeopathically treated litters, there was less transmission and duration appeared shorter.

A randomized controlled trial of homeopathic treatment of weaned piglets in a commercial swine herd.

AIM: To evaluate the zootechnic performance and occurrence of diarrhea in piglets in the week post-weaning comparing supplementation with sucrose saline which contained or did not contain added homeopathic medicine. METHOD: Animals were randomly divided into three groups of 24 piglets each. The control group did not receive any treatment. Another group received sucrose saline, and the third group received sucrose saline with homeopathic medicine added, in the period of zero to seven days post-weaning. The homeopathic treatment consisted of Echinacea angustifolia, Avena sativa, Ignatia amara, Calcarea carbonica, all 6cH. Piglets were weighed daily for weight gain or loss, and observed for diarrhea and feed intake. RESULTS: Animals receiving sucrose saline alone and sucrose saline with homeopathy had less weight loss than control (p=0.017, p=0.0001 respectively). There was no statistical difference in relation to overall incidence of diarrhea or food consumption. These data suggest that the supplementation with sucrose saline with added homeopathic medicine in the first seven days post-weaning may be an useful option to reduce weight loss in weaned piglets.

Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence of any type of therapeutic or preventive intervention testing homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments. METHODS: Systematic literature searches were conducted through January 2006 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, British Homeopathic Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the UK National Research Register. Bibliographies were checked for further relevant publications. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of any homeopathic intervention for preventing or treating childhood and adolescence ailments were included. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, the age range defined for inclusion was 0 to 19 years. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by 2 reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 326 articles were identified, 91 of which were retrieved for detailed evaluation. Sixteen trials that assessed 9 different conditions were included in the study. With the exception of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and acute childhood diarrhea (each tested in 3 trials), no condition was assessed in more than 2 double-blind randomized clinical trials. The evidence for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and acute childhood diarrhea is mixed, showing both positive and negative results for their respective main outcome measures. For adenoid vegetation, asthma, and upper respiratory tract infection each, 2 trials are available that suggest no difference compared with placebo. For 4 conditions, only single trials are available. CONCLUSION: The evidence from rigorous clinical trials of any type of therapeutic or preventive intervention testing homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments is not convincing enough for recommendations in any condition.

Why pediatric health care providers are not using homeopathic antidiarrheal agents.

OBJECTIVES: Several randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of homeopathic agents for use in childhood diarrhea. However, this therapeutic innovation is not being routinely adopted. We chose to study the degree of adoption as well as the perceived reasons for failure to adopt homeopathic antidiarrheal agents by pediatric health care providers. Additionally, we sought to determine if these agents are likely to be adopted in the future. DESIGN: This study was a self-administered survey, including a standardized scale of innovativeness. SUBJECTS: Subjects for this study were pediatric health care providers, and interventions consisted of abstracted results of two randomized, controlled, double-blinded studies reporting on the efficacy of homeopathic antidiarrheal agents. OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures consisted of reports of the current treatment approach to childhood diarrhea, innovativeness, perceptions homeopathic antidiarrheal agent efficacy, and barriers to use, before and after reading the abstracts. RESULTS: We obtained a 61% response rate. Only 3% of surveyed respondents use homeopathic antidiarrheal agents. Lack of experiential knowledge, awareness, concerns of effectiveness, and safety were the greatest barriers to adoption. More respondents felt that homeopathic antidiarrheal agents were efficacious after reading supportive abstracts, but this did not increase their willingness to use these agents. Adoption did not correlate with individual innovativeness. CONCLUSIONS: The use of homeopathic antidiarrheal agents for childhood diarrhea is a minimally adopted innovation. Lack of correlation between adoption and individual innovativeness may suggest that this innovation is unlikely to be adopted in the future without intervention. Current barriers to adoption reveal that a stronger evidence base, and efforts to increase awareness and experiential knowledge, would be necessary to increase adoption. The results reported in this paper are discussed in the context of current theories on knowledge translation in medicine.

Homeopathic combination remedy in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea in Honduras.

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread availability of oral rehydration therapy, diarrheal illness remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Previous studies have shown individualized homeopathic therapy to be effective in treating childhood diarrhea, but this approach requires specialized training. OBJECTIVE: A homeopathic combination medicine, if effective, could be used by health personnel on a widespread basis. METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Honduras to evaluate the effectiveness of a homeopathic combination therapy to treat acute diarrhea in children. A total of 292 children with acute diarrhea was recruited; 145 were randomized to the experimental group and 147 to the placebo group. Tablets containing a combined preparation of the five most common single homeopathic remedies used to treat diarrhea or placebo were administered by a parent after each unformed stool. Children were followed up daily for 7 days or until symptoms resolved, whichever occurred first. Time until resolution of symptoms, daily rate of unformed stools, and total number of unformed stools were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the likelihood of resolution of diarrheal symptoms between the treatment and placebo groups (hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.32), with a median time until resolution of 3 days for both groups. Children in the treatment group had an average of 2.6 unformed stools per day compared to 2.8 among those in the placebo group; this difference was not significant (p = 0.43). The median number of unformed stools was 7 among children in the treatment group and 8 among those in the placebo group (p = 0.41). DISCUSSION: The homeopathic combination therapy tested in this study did not significantly reduce the duration or severity of acute diarrhea in Honduran children. Further study is needed to develop affordable and effective methods of using homeopathy to reduce the global burden of childhood diarrhea.

Treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with homeopathic medicine: a randomized clinical trial in Nicaragua.

OBJECTIVE: Acute diarrhea is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oral rehydration treatment can prevent death from dehydration, but does not reduce the duration of individual episodes. Homeopathic treatment for acute diarrhea is used in many parts of the world. This study was performed to determine whether homeopathy is useful in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea. METHODOLOGY: A randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing homeopathic medicine with placebo in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea was conducted in León, Nicaragua, in July 1991. Eighty-one children aged 6 months to 5 years of age were included in the study. An individualized homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each child and daily follow-up was performed for 5 days. Standard treatment with oral rehydration treatment was also given. RESULTS: The treatment group had a statistically significant (P < .05) decrease in duration of diarrhea, defined as the number of days until there were less than three unformed stools daily for 2 consecutive days. There was also a significant difference (P < .05) in the number of stools per day between the two groups after 72 hours of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The statistically significant decrease in the duration of diarrhea in the treatment group suggests that homeopathic treatment might be useful in acute childhood diarrhea. Further study of this treatment deserves consideration.

Homeopathy for childhood diarrhea: combined results and metaanalysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a positive treatment effect of individualized homeopathic treatment for acute childhood diarrhea, but sample sizes were small and results were just at or near the level of statistical significance. Because all three studies followed the same basic study design, the combined data from these three studies were analyzed to obtain greater statistical power. METHODS: Three double blind clinical trials of diarrhea in 242 children ages 6 months to 5 years were analyzed as 1 group. Children were randomized to receive either an individualized homeopathic medicine or placebo to be taken as a single dose after each unformed stool for 5 days. Parents recorded daily stools on diary cards, and health workers made home visits daily to monitor children. The duration of diarrhea was defined as the time until there were less than 3 unformed stools per day for 2 consecutive days. A metaanalysis of the effect-size difference of the three studies was also conducted. RESULTS: Combined analysis shows a duration of diarrhea of 3.3 days in the homeopathy group compared with 4.1 in the placebo group (P = 0.008). The metaanalysis shows a consistent effect-size difference of approximately 0.66 day (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The results from these studies confirm that individualized homeopathic treatment decreases the duration of acute childhood diarrhea and suggest that larger sample sizes be used in future homeopathic research to ensure adequate statistical power. Homeopathy should be considered for use as an adjunct to oral rehydration for this illness.

[Pharmacodynamics study on "tao hua zhi xie granule"].

The anthraco-propulsion and the drug induced mice diarrhea models were used to observe the intestine propulsion and the anti-diarrhea effect of "Tao Hua Zhi Xie Granule" (THZXG), and the anti-inflammation effect of THZXG was studied. The results showed that THZXG could obviously reduce the incidence and frequency of the mice diarrhea induced by Folium Sennae and castor-oil, and propelling movement of mice small intestine after hypodermic injection of neostigmine. The actions were acted in a dose-dependent manner. 11.70 and 17.55 mg/kg THZXG(ig) could also inhibit the increased permeability of intraperitoneal capillary induced by acetic acid in mice.

[Pharmacological study on the compatibility of cortex Cinnamomi with Halloysitum Rubrum].

The decoction of Cortex Cinnamomi (CC, 1 g/kg p.o.) and Halloysitum Rubrum (HR, 3 g/kg p.o.) or the combination of the two drugs (4 g/kg p.o., CC 1 g/kg, HR 3 g/kg) could antagonize the diarrhea caused by p.o. water ex tract of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in mice; and inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. Meanwhile, the effect of the combination of the two drugs was not different from that of each single one. In addition, CC was able to inhibit the spontaneous movement of intestine in situ and showed an analgesic effect (hot-plate method) in mice; HR was ineffective in these aspects and did not reduce the effect of CC. CC(20 g/kg p.o., i.p. or i.v.) exhibited very strong toxicity in mice, while HR(60 g/kg p.o., i.p. or i.v.) was nontoxic. When the two drugs were used together, the toxicity was markedly reduced.

Tratamento da diarreia crônica com o medicamento homeopatico phosphorus: relato de caso / Treatment of chronic diarrhea with the homeopathic medicine phosphorus: case report

Há poucos estudos sobre a eficácia do tratamento homeopático na diarréia crônica, por isso relatos de casos são os primeiros degraus da evidência clínica [1]. As pesquisas utilizando medicamentos altamente diluídos têm avançado significativamente e a Medicina sempre está em busca de novas abordagens terapêuticas. Sendo a Homeopatia uma possibilidade no tratamento devido à sua alta resolutividade e baixo custo, comentamos sobre este tema que vem assumindo a cada dia mais importância na sociedade, devido aos impactos que provoca. Este relato de caso tem como objetivo principal apresentar o tratamento Unicista orientado por Hahnemann. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente adulta que procurou consulta homeopática por diarréia crônica, após longo período de tratamento alopático sem resolução. Relatamos o atendimento, a repertorização e o tratamento com o medicamento policresto Phosphorus (simillimum da paciente). Demonstramos o surpreendente resultado obtido com o tratamento, respeitando a individualidade da paciente e observando os fundamentos da Homeopatia. Concluímos que a atuação do médico tem importância relevante na condução do tratamento e na melhora de qualidade de vida do seu paciente, e que a Homeopatia é uma grande aliada ao minimizar os danos deste transtorno. A cura de uma doença pode ser feita com tratamento homeopático Unicista segundo os ensinamentos do Pai da Homeopatia.

There are few studies on the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment in Chronic Diarrhea, so case reports are the first steps of clinical evidence. Researchs using highly diluted drugs has advanced significantly. Considering a challenge, Medicine is looking for new therapeutic approaches and Homeopathy is a possibility in the treatment due to its high resolution and low cost. We briefly comment on this topic, which is becoming increasingly important in society, due to the impacts it causes. This case report has as main objective to present the homeopathic treatment in a Unicist way according to the guidelines of Hahnemann. In the patient's search for homeopathy, we studied the case, performed the repertorization and found Phosphorus as the patient's simillimum. We demonstrate the surprising result obtained with the homeopathic treatment, respecting the patient's individuality and observing the fundamentals of Homeopathy. We conclude that the doctor's performance has relevant importance in the conduct of the treatment and in the improvement of the patient's quality of life, and that homeopathy is a great ally in minimizing the damage of this disorder. The cure of a disease can be done with Unicist homeopathic treatment according to the teachings of the Father of Homeopathy.