Early diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection / Diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de la infección de tuberculosis latente
Maita Zapata, Angel.
INSPILIP
; 2(1): 1-13, ene.-jun. 2018.
Article
in English
| LILACS | ID: biblio-987247
Latent tuberculosis infection is a major health problem worldwide. People with latent tuberculosis infection have a lifetime risk of developing active tuberculosis approximately 5 % to 10%. Patients with latent tuberculosis infection were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of a latent tuberculosis infection are very important. Patients with latent tuberculosis infection do not have the symptoms, signs, radiographic, and bacteriological evidence of active tuberculosis. Consequently, these patients are not contagious to others. Patients with latent tuberculosis infection usually have a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assays test. Systematic testing is recommended for all patients that are at risk for latent tuberculosis infection. The treatment of latent tuberculosis is recommended for patients that are at increased risk for developing active tuberculosis. The medications recommended to treat latent tuberculosis infection are isoniazid, rifampin, and a combination of isoniazidand rifapentine, and isoniazid and rifampin combination regimens. The most common side effect of these medications is hepatotoxicity. Therefore, patient monitoring during treatment should occur every month to evaluate medications side effects and adherence to medications. Post-treatment patient follow-up is very important, but serial or repeats chest radiography is not recommended.
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