Palatogingival groove mimicking as a mutilated root fracture in a maxillary lateral incisor: a case report.

This article presents a case of a palatogingival groove (PPG) in tooth No. 12 that was misdiagnosed as a mutilated root fracture. A PPG is a developmental anomaly that predisposes a tooth to a severe periodontal defect. The initial diagnosis of mutilated root fracture on tooth No. 12 was made solely from radiographs that showed a vertical and horizontal radiolucent line with a radiolucent halo-shaped bone resorption in relation to the root apex. Transillumination, bite test, surgical visualization of the site, and the use of high-end diagnostic modalitieswere not considered prior to the final diagnosis. PPG was confirmed only after the tooth was extracted and observed under a dental operating microscope.

Remineralisation of occlusal white spot lesion with a combination of 10% CPP-ACP and 0.2% sodium fluoride evaluated using Diagnodent: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of 10% casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-AC P) used alone or with fluoride as compared to fluoride mouthrinse for the remineralisation of occlusal white spot lesions in an in vivo pilot study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five subjects with occlusal white spot lesions (WSL) determined by visual examination and confirmed with Diagnodent were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1: 10% CPP-AC P + 0.2% NaF; group 2: 10% CPPAC P; group 3: 0.5% NaF mouthrinse for 30 days. The pre-treatment and post-intervention Diagnodent values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the groups, the remineralising potential of 10% CPP-AC P + 0.2% NaF (group 1) and 10% CPP-AC P (group 2) were similar, however, both groups were superior to 0.5% NaF mouthrinse (group 3). CONCLUSIONS: The CCP-AC P technique is highly beneficial for the remineralisation of non-cavitated occlusal white spot lesions when compared to 0.5% NaF mouthrinse.

A novel simplified numbering system for dental burs.

A universally accepted standardization is of great value for any material or equipment that is used globally. A single number or name should represent the particular material or instrument throughout the world. Since the dental burs are used worldwide, a single standard numbering system, which gives a unique specification for each bur in any part of the world, is mandatory. Though the existing systems have tried to attain this goal, they have their own advantages and limitations that are explained in detail in this article. So, the idea of proposing a novel system is to formulate a simple way of mentioning each bur with its dimension and composition without the need for memorizing the numbers.

Evaluation of the pulp chamber size of human maxillary first molars: an institution based in vitro study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the morphological measurements of the pulp chamber and also to establish the relationship of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the roof of the pulp chamber of the maxillary first molars in an Indian population. One hundred extracted human maxillary first molars were used. Each molar tooth was radiographed by radio visiography (RVG). Measurements were made by using the grid option in RVG. The results (mean +/- SD; in mm) were as follows: distance from floor of the pulp chamber to the furcation = 2.7 +/- 0.63; distance from roof of the pulp chamber to the furcation = 5.34 +/- 0.9; distance from tip of the palatal cusp to the furcation = 11.58 +/- 1.01; distance from the tip of the palatal cusp to the floor of the pulp chamber = 8.86 +/- 0.68; distance from the tip of the palatal cusp to the roof of the pulp chamber = 6.2 +/- 0.66; height of the pulp chamber = 2.62 +/- 0.61. The results of these measurements revealed that the morphological measurements of the maxillary first molars in the Indian population were similar to that reported by previous studies; the roof of the pulp chamber was found at the CEJ in 96% of the specimens.

Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review.

Complete eradication of microbial biofilms and elimination of the smear layer are the key factors during endodontic treatment. Various chemical irrigants have been proposed in the literature for the same. The major setback with these chemical irrigants is that they are not bio-friendly to the dental and peri-radicular tissues. In the recent years, research to use natural products for root canal disinfection has gained importance. The aim of this article is to compile various herbal products that have been used as an irrigants and intracanal medicaments in the field of Endodontics to eradicate the biofilm and remove smear layer.

Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

BACKGROUND: Interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) has not been studied earlier. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the chemical interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and commonly used root canal irrigants, NaOCl, EDTA, and CHX. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SAMPLES WERE DIVIDED INTO EIGHT EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS: Group I-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group II-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group III- Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/2% CHX, Group IV-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group V-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group VI-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/2% CHX, and two control groups: Group VII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/deionized water and Group VIII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/deionized water. The respective solutions of various groups were mixed in equal proportions (1 ml each) and observed for precipitate formation. Chemical composition of the formed precipitate was then analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and confirmed with diazotation test. RESULTS: In groups I and IV, a white precipitate was observed in all the samples on mixing the respective solutions, which showed a color change to reddish brown after 15 minutes. This precipitate was then analysed by NMR spectroscopy and was observed to be 2,6-xylidine, a reported toxic compound. The experimental groups II, III, V, and VI and control groups VII and VIII showed no precipitate formation in any of the respective samples, until 2 hours. CONCLUSION: Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and NaOCl showed precipitate formation containing 2,6-xylidine, a toxic compound.

Comparison of Endovac irrigation system with conventional irrigation for removal of intracanal smear layer: an in vitro study.

AIM: This study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of Endovac irrigation system with conventional needle irrigation in removing smear layer from the root canal. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty permanent maxillary central incisors were divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. In group I, the teeth were instrumented and irrigated by conventional irrigation using 27-gauge irrigation needle. In group II, irrigation was done using Endovac irrigation system. In group III (negative control) chemomechanical preparation was performed using saline solution. Scanning electron microscope evaluation was done for assessment of smear layer removal in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using post hoc test and Kruskal-Wallis test for significance at P < .05. Statistically significant difference was seen between the 2 test groups in smear layer removal from the apical third (3 mm) of the root canal, although no significant difference was seen in the coronal and middle thirds. The most efficient smear layer removal was seen in group II (Endovac) compared with other groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed significantly better removal of smear layer from the apical third of root canal using Endovac compared with conventional needle irrigation.

Endodontic management of maxillary permanent first molar with 6 root canals: 3 case reports.

This article discusses the successful endodontic management of 3 permanent maxillary first molars presenting with the anatomical variation of 3 roots and 6 root canals. A literature review pertaining to the variable root canal morphology of the permanent maxillary first molar is also presented. Modifications in the root canal access preparation and methods for examination of the pulpal floor with the aid of magnification for identification of additional canals are emphasized.