From crisis to resilience: strengthening climate action in OECD countries through environmental policy and energy transition.

Climate change represents a grave challenge to the global economy, environment, and societal well-being, jeopardizing their long-term sustainability. In response to this urgent issue, the study emphasizes the significance of environmental policy and energy transitions as fundamental factors in addressing the climate change crisis. The research draws upon data from OECD countries spanning the period between 1990 and 2020, utilizing robust econometric techniques to assess data properties. The study utilizes a comprehensive CS-ARDL model, incorporating multiple control variables like non-renewable energy GDP, foreign direct investment (FDI), and research and development (R&D). The results show that environmental policy and energy transitions are effective in reducing climate change impacts in the form of CO2 emissions. The non-environmental factors like GDP and FDI are positively associated and thereby accelerate climate change processes, whereas R&D promotes environmental protection by reducing CO2 emissions. Based on these findings, the study advocates for the implementation of rigorous policy measures by OECD economies to strengthen and enforce environmental policies to ensure compliance and foster sustainable practices across sectors. The study also suggests that OECD must promote energy transitions by investing in renewable energy sources at the mass level (micro and macro) and phasing out reliance on non-renewable energy.

Green growth and sustainable development: dynamic linkage between technological innovation, ISO 14001, and environmental challenges.

Over the last two decades, the phenomenon of green growth has gained much attention from academics and policymakers striving to find a sustainable solution to environmental problems worldwide. Technological innovation serves as a tool to abate the acute environmental crisis and continuously promote sustainable development by converting traditional economies into green economies. Pakistan is among the developing countries relying on conventional technology and energy resources to meet population and economy demands, which has led to a surge in greenhouse gases and other hazardous air pollutants. The literature exploring green growth in the Pakistani context is scant; the present study will therefore fill this gap and explore the dynamic linkage between technological innovation and ISO 14001 with green growth in Pakistan in the presence of environmental challenges such as energy consumption and population growth. A novel grey relational analysis model approach is employed to examine the interrelationship between the study parameters. Results indicate that technological innovation is significantly correlated with green growth, and ISO 14001 also shows a substantial relationship with green growth. However, among the environmental challenges, energy consumption poses a barrier to green growth development as the country's energy mix is dominated by fossil fuels as compared to renewables. The research findings produce a much-needed policy suggestion to address the environmental challenges by promoting green growth development in Pakistan.

Exploring Tourism Efficiency and Its Drivers to Understand the Backwardness of the Tourism Industry in Gansu, China.

Gansu Province is rich in tourism resources, and it is the hometown of the "copper galloping horse", which is the logo of China's tourism. However, the scale and revenues of tourism in Gansu province are still at a low level. This paper first evaluated the tourism efficiency of 14 cities and prefectures of Gansu Province in China from 2011 to 2019 using the super-slack-based measure (Super-SBM) and then investigated the internal driving mechanism of the efficiency change through the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index and its decomposition, and finally analyzed the external influencing elements of tourist efficiency by the Tobit model. The results revealed that the tourism efficiency of Gansu Province had increased rapidly during the study period, especially after 2016, the rising range increased. From 2011 to 2019, the cumulative changes in GML index, technological change (TC), and efficiency change (EC) of tourism efficiency in Gansu Province were 5.053, 4.145 and 1.160, respectively, indicating that the improvement of tourism efficiency in Gansu province is mainly due to technological progress. The regression results of the Tobit model show that the status of the tourism industry, trade openness, information level, and technological innovation level can significantly promote tourism efficiency in the province. At the same time, upgrading the industrial structure and the improvement of greening coverage inhibit tourism efficiency. However, the impact of the economic development level on the tourism efficiency of Gansu Province is not apparent. According to the research results, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to promote the development of tourism in Gansu Province. This study is crucial for hospitality, tourism, and policy sectors to understand the underlying factors and promote the healthy development of the tourism industry in Gansu Province.

Incorporating Environmental Pollution and Human Development in the Energy-Growth Nexus: A Novel Long Run Investigation for Pakistan.

Energy acts as a catalyst to boost the human development index (HDI) in a country. However, the overuse of energy leads to environmental deterioration, which is a byproduct of economic development. Due to the utilization of non-renewable energy sources for a long time, worldwide environmental conditions have become alarming. This study investigates the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, environmental sustainability, and the human development index (HDI) in Pakistan. The investigation incorporates population growth and technology variables to form a multivariate framework. We use a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach to time-series data from 1990-2017. To check the robustness of estimations, we apply the Gregory-Hansen test with a causality test under the VECM to confirm this association's directions. Our findings confirm that non-renewable energy sources have a positive association with economic growth and CO2 emissions. However, human development, technology, and renewable energy boost economic development and reduce environmental pollution in Pakistan. The co-integration results confirmed the long run connectivity among all variables. The causality outcomes support the bidirectional causality between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions, both in the short and long run. These outcomes suggest that Pakistan should focus on energy shifts and gradually increase the share of renewables in its energy mix under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Additionally, the government should increase human and technological development to enhance economic and environmental sustainability.