ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present 36-month prospective split-mouth clinical trial was to investigate the peri-implant soft tissue changes and crestal bone loss (CBL) around delayed loaded platform-switched implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three individuals with bilaterally missing either mandibular first or second molars were included. The test and control sites were defined as follows: (i) test sites: implants placed 2 mm below the alveolar crest (subcrestal); (ii) control sites: implants placed at bone level (crestal). Forty-six implants (23 implants in test sites and 23 in control sites) were placed in the center of the healed alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD ≥ 4 mm), and CBL was compared at 6, 18, and 36 months of follow-up. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sixteen males and seven females with a mean age of 43.5 years (29-50) were included. In the control group (n = 23), the highest mean percentage of sites that showed BOP and PD ≥ 4 mm were at 6 months (7.4% and 1.4%, respectively). In the test group (n = 23), the highest mean percentage of sites that showed BOP and PD ≥ 4 mm were at 6 months (2.4% and 1.2%, respectively). The total amount of CBL around crestal and subcrestal implants after 36 months of loading was 0.45 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. At all follow-up intervals, all intragroup and intergroup comparisons showed no significant differences in BOP, PD ≥ 4 mm, and CBL around implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels. CONCLUSION: Up to 36 months of follow-up, soft tissue parameters and crestal bone levels can remain equally stable around dental implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels. The need for long-term follow-up clinical trials is also emphasized.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Dental Implant-Abutment Design/methods , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Adult , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Dental Implant-Abutment Design/adverse effects , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontium/diagnostic imaging , Periodontium/pathology , Prospective Studies , Radiography, Dental, DigitalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of Expasyl® gingival retraction paste on the shear bond strength of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four specimens of extracted, caries-free, sound human molars were used in this study. The molars were then cut vertically into halves through the buccal and lingual cusps. Forty-eight specimens were divided into four groups (total-etch, total-etch with Expasyl application, self-etch, self-etch with Expasyl application) and the shear bond strength was tested. RESULTS: Expasyl significantly reduced the shear bond strength of the self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. The self-etch system showed relatively lower performance compared with the total-etch adhesive system. The shear bond strength values of the total-etch adhesive without Expasyl showed the highest bond strength (21.48 ± 2.89), while the self-etching group adhesive treated with Expasyl showed the lowest shear bond strength value (14.89 ± 1.81). CONCLUSION: From the observations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the use of Expasyl® gingival retraction system can negatively affect bond strength of adhesives. The total-etch system showed better compatibility to the Expasyl gingival retraction system than the self-etch.
Subject(s)
Astringents/chemistry , Dental Bonding , Gingival Retraction Techniques , Resin Cements/chemistry , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dentin/ultrastructure , Humans , Materials Testing , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry , Shear Strength , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare peri-implant soft tissue parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], and probing depth [PD] ≥4 mm) and crestal bone loss (CBL) around immediately loaded (IL) and delayed loaded (DL) implants in smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with IL implants (16 smokers and 15 non-smokers) and 30 patients with DL implants (17 smokers and 13 non-smokers) were included. Personal data regarding age, sex, and duration and daily frequency of smoking were gathered using a questionnaire. Peri-implant PI, BOP, and PD ≥4 mm were recorded, and mesial and distal CBL was measured on standardized digital radiographs. Multiple group comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni post hoc test (P <0.05). RESULTS: All implants replaced mandibular premolars or molars. Mean scores of PI (P <0.05) and PD ≥4 mm (P <0.05) were statistically significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers in patients with IL and DL dental implants. The mean score of BOP (P <0.05) was statistically significantly higher in non-smokers compared with smokers in both groups. CBL (P <0.05) was statistically significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in PI, BOP, PD ≥4 mm, and total CBL among smokers with IL and DL implants. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking enhances peri-implant soft tissue inflammation and CBL around IL and DL implants. Loading protocol did not show a significant effect on peri-implant hard and soft tissue status in healthy smokers and non-smokers.