ABSTRACT
Embolization is a common treatment modality for refractory epistaxis. Here, the authors reported that the first patient with unilateral necrosis of the mucosa overlying the hard palate developed after embolization of ascending palatine artery. A 46-year-old man with a history of maxillofacial trauma complicated by 2 episodes of significant unilateral epistaxis. Although he did not experience any epistaxis after embolization, unilateral necrosis of the mucosa overlying the hard palate developed gradually 2 weeks after embolization. The necrotic tissue of hard palate was treated by surgical debridement and followed by antibiotic and analgesic.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects , Epistaxis/therapy , Mouth Mucosa/blood supply , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Palate, Hard/blood supply , Palate, Hard/pathology , Arteries , Debridement , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Humans , Male , Maxillofacial Injuries/complications , Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa/surgery , Necrosis , Palate, Hard/surgery , Polyvinyls , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Postoperative Complications/surgeryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aims to record the current pattern of third molar impactions and relevant reasons for extraction in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We hypothesized that the principal reason for extraction was elective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Orthopantomograms (OPG) radiographs and electronic files relating to 4000 patients were retrospectively collected from patients between the ages of 21 and 50â¯years old. Of these, 1014 were included in this study (514 females, 500 males). The classification was determined according to the Winter, Pell, and Gregory classification. The analysis was done using the chi-square (χ2) test, with SPSS version 25 (IBM, Inc, Chicago, IL). A p-value ofâ¯<â¯0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 2240 impacted third molars were found with no gender predilection. Impaction was more commonly found in the mandible (58.5%) than the maxilla (41.5%). The most common reason for extraction was 'asymptomatic; prophylactic indication' (66.8%), followed by 'symptomatic' (33.2%). Vertical angulation was most common in the maxilla (56.5%), and mesioangular impaction in the mandible (40.5%). CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of third molar impaction in the central region of Saudi Arabia. It is more likely to occur in the mandible than the maxilla with no gender predilection. The majority of the patients were referred for elective asymptomatic reasons. Mesio-angular impaction is mostly found in the mandible and vertical angulation in the maxilla. Both arches had a C level depth and Class I Ramus relationship. Further studies should be conducted with the wider Kingdom of Saudi Arabia so that the population can be more accurately represented.