Impact of Different Root Conditioning Agents on Periodontally Affected Root Surface: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study.

AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of various root-conditioning agents on root surfaces that are periodontally affected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 human teeth having single root that were extracted because of chronic periodontitis were chosen. The extracted teeth were cleaned of saliva and blood using a soft-bristled brush and distilled water. The investigational groups were categorized into group I-doxycycline HCl, group II-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and group III-tetracycline HCl. Samples were readied for histological study by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was used to assess the effectiveness of smear layer removal, amount of patent dentinal tubules out of the totality of dentinal tubules present, and the appreciation of collagen fiber-like structures inside the intertubular area. RESULTS: The highest efficacy for smear layer removal was seen for group III-tetracycline HCl samples (1.80 ± 0.148) followed next by group II-EDTA (1.36 ± 0.230), and group I-doxycycline HCl (1.30 ± 0.283). The highest number of patent dentinal tubules were seen in group III-tetracycline HCl (44.50 ± 0.18) followed immediately by group II-EDTA (38.10 ± 0.42), and group I-doxycycline HCl (34.90 ± 0.23). The highest number of appreciation of collagen-like structures was recorded in group III-tetracycline HCl (2.64 ± 0.04) followed next by group I-doxycycline HCl (1.88 ± 0.10) and group II-EDTA (1.76 ± 0.28). CONCLUSION: The present in vitro study concludes tetracycline HCl root-conditioning agent to be significantly more efficient in smear layer removal, exposing collagen fibers and amount of patent dentinal tubules than doxycycline HCl and EDTA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The modification of the root surface of human teeth with the use of root conditioning agents leads to enhanced attachment by connective tissue resulting in improved reconstructive periodontal treatment goals.

A detailed insight of the tumor targeting using nanocarrier drug delivery system.

Human struggle against the deadly disease conditions is continued since ages. The contribution of science and technology in fighting against these diseases cannot be ignored exclusively due to the invention of novel procedure and products, extending their size ranges from micro to nano. Recently nanotechnology has been gaining more consideration for its ability to diagnose and treat different cancers. Different nanoparticles have been used to evade the issues related with conservative anticancer delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, adverse effects and burst release. These nanocarriers including, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes, nano lipid carriers (NLCs), nano micelles, nanocomposites, polymeric and magnetic nanocarriers, have brought revolutions in antitumor drug delivery. Nanocarriers improved the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with better accumulation at the specific site with sustained release, improved bioavailability and apoptosis of the cancer cells while bypassing the normal cells. In this review, the cancer targeting techniques and surface modification on nanoparticles are discussed briefly with possible challenges and opportunities. It can be concluded that understanding the role of nanomedicine in tumor treatment is significant, and therefore, the modern progressions in this arena is essential to be considered for a prosperous today and an affluent future of tumor patients.