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1.
Codas ; 35(2): e20210062, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36888745

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to investigate prosodic boundary effects on the comprehension of attachment ambiguities in Brazilian Portuguese and to test two hypotheses relying on the notion of boundary strength: the absolute boundary hypothesis (ABH) and the relative boundary hypothesis (RBH). Manipulations of prosodic structure influence how listeners interpret syntactically ambiguous sentences. However, the role of prosody in spoken language comprehension of sentences has received limited attention in languages other than English, particularly from a developmental perspective. METHODS: Twenty-three adults and 15 children participated in a computerized sentence comprehension task involving syntactically ambiguous sentences. Each sentence was recorded in eight different prosodic forms with acoustic manipulations of F0, duration and pause varying the boundary size to reflect predictions of the ABH and RBH. RESULTS: Children and adults differed in how prosody influenced their syntactic processing and children were significantly slower than adults. Results indicated that interpretation of sentences varied according to their prosodic forms. CONCLUSION: Neither the ABH or the RBH explained how children and adults who speak Brazilian Portuguese use prosodic boundaries to disambiguate sentences. There is evidence that the way prosodic boundaries influence disambiguation varies cross-linguistically.


Subject(s)
Comprehension , Speech Perception , Adult , Child , Humans , Language , Acoustics , Brazil
2.
Codas ; 35(6): e20220206, 2023.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37971052

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate two independent variables considered as two possible predictors of cumulative risk for persistent stuttering: family perception of stuttering and amount of speech disruptions. METHODS: Participants were 452 children, aged 3 to 11:11 years, male and female, divided into 4 groups: group 1 (SCG), composed of 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and family complaint of stuttering; group 2 (SWCG), 42 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and without family complaint of stuttering; group 3 (FCG), 94 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2. 9% with family complaints of stuttering and group 4 (FWCG), 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2.9 without family complaints of stuttering. RESULTS: For the SCG group, there was a significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions typical of stuttering. In this group, there was a predominance of male children. For the SWCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FWCG group, there was a significant relation between the absence of a family complaint of stuttering and the reduced number of speech disruptions. CONCLUSION: The percentage of speech disruptions ≥ 3% is a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. The percentage of speech disruptions ≤ 2.9% associated with syllable and sound repetitions can be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of syllable and sound repetitions may be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of stuttering alone should not be considered an indicator of persistent stuttering.


OBJETIVO: Pesquisar duas variáveis independentes consideradas como possíveis preditores de risco cumulativo para a gagueira persistente (GP): percepção familiar da gagueira e quantidade de rupturas da fala. MÉTODO: Participaram 452 crianças, com idade entre 3 a 11:11 anos, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em 4 grupos: grupo 1 (GGQ), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 2 (GGS), 42 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e sem queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 3 (FQ), 94 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9% com queixa familiar de gagueira e grupo 4 (FS), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9 sem queixa familiar de gagueira. RESULTADOS: Para o grupo GGQ há relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala típicas da gagueira e houve predominância de crianças do sexo masculino. Para o grupo GGS não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FQ não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FS houve relação significante entre a ausência de queixa familiar de gagueira e a reduzida quantidade de rupturas de fala. CONCLUSÃO: O percentual de rupturas ≥3% é um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de rupturas do tipo repetições pode ser um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de gagueira, isoladamente, não deve ser considerada como indicador de GP.


Subject(s)
Speech , Stuttering , Child , Male , Humans , Female , Stuttering/diagnosis , Sound , Speech Production Measurement , Perception
3.
Codas ; 35(6): e20220053, 2023.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37820097

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To correlate the findings regarding the myofunctional orofacial examination, tongue pressure and surface electromyography (sEMG) of deglutition in individuals with different orofacial myofunctional disorders. METHODS: 44 patients (20 males and 24 females, aged between 17 and 63 years old) with different orofacial myofunctional changes were clinically assessed using the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES-E). In addition, the range of mandibular movements and facial anthropometry were measured, along with the assessment of the tongue pressure (tip and dorsum) and of the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles during deglutition, using surface electromyography (sEMG). RESULTS: The statistical analysis found weak correlations between tongue dorsum pressure values, suggesting that the greater the measurement of the lower third of the face, the lower the pressure of the tongue dorsum; the greater the measurement of the overlaps (vertical and horizontal), the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum; the higher the score from the orofacial evaluation and orofacial functions assessment, the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum; and the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum, the higher the pressure of the tongue tip. CONCLUSION: The present study results indicate that the orofacial myofunctional changes found in different groups of patients are more related to the maxillomandibular discrepancies than to the pathologies investigated herein.


OBJETIVO: correlacionar os achados da avaliação clínica miofuncional orofacial, pressão de língua e da eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) da deglutição de grupos de pacientes com diferentes alterações da motricidade orofacial. MÉTODO: 44 pacientes (20 homens e 24 mulheres com idades entre 17 e 63 anos), com diferentes alterações miofuncionais orofaciais foram avaliados por meio da Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandido (AMIOFE-E), avaliação da amplitude mandibular e antropometria facial, mensuração da pressão de língua (ponta e dorso) e exame de Eletromiografia de Superfície (EMGs) em região supra hioidea na tarefa de deglutição de saliva e diferentes volumes de água. RESULTADOS: a análise estatística encontrou algumas correlações fracas que envolvem a pressão do dorso de língua e sugerem que quanto maior for a medida do terço inferior, menor será a pressão do dorso da língua; quanto maior for a medida dos trespasses (vertical e horizontal) maior será a pressão do dorso da língua; quanto maior for a pontuação da avaliação de postura e funções orofaciais, maior será a pressão do dorso de língua e quanto maior for a pressão do dorso de língua, maior será a pressão da ponta da língua. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados sugerem que as alterações miofuncionais orofaciais encontradas nos diferentes grupos de pacientes estão mais relacionadas às discrepâncias maxilomandibulares do que às patologias pesquisadas no presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Deglutition , Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Deglutition/physiology , Pressure , Tongue , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Myofunctional Therapy
4.
Codas ; 35(5): e20220145, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37610924

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and feeding findings of premature infants with gastroschisis (GTQ) in a neonatal intensive care unit and compare them to preterm infants (NBs) without congenital anomalies. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 50 premature NBs (25 with GTQ and 25 without comorbidities - control group). The NBs were compared regarding demographic and clinical data: risk of mortality and speech-language assessment (nonnutritive and nutritive sucking). Subsequently, a multiple logistic regression model was applied to determine the variables associated with the negative speech therapy outcome (speech therapy discharge after more than 7 days considering the first speech therapy evaluation). RESULTS: The results of the first analysis indicated that there was a difference between the GTQ and the CG for the following variables: total time in days of hospitalization; use of mechanical ventilation (invasive x noninvasive); days of life on the date of the first speech-language assessment; use of alternative feeding route; and the GTQ group had worse results. The results of the multiple logistic regression indicated that the diagnosis of GTQ, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the absence of adequate intraoral pressure during the first speech-language evaluation were risk factors for a negative speech-language outcome. CONCLUSION: The feeding skills of preterm infants with QTG are related to the severity of the condition (gastrointestinal tract complications), requiring longer hospitalization, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, prolonged use of alternative feeding route and requiring more speech therapy to start oral feeding.


Subject(s)
Feeding Behavior , Gastroschisis , Infant, Premature , Gastroschisis/physiopathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Retrospective Studies , Male , Female , Speech
5.
Codas ; 34(2): e20200264, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34705998

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a treatment clinical trial, involving three types of treatment for chronic developmental stuttering (CDS), to verify whether they present indicators and sufficient information to establish an effective and safe benefit-risk relationship. METHODS: The study included 252 children between 2 and 12 years old, who underwent assessment and treatment for CDS. Among the selected children, 93 met the established inclusion criteria. After obtaining the scores for the risk of CDS (Protocol for the Risk of Developmental Stuttering), all children were assessed according to their fluency profile and the severity level of stuttering. The children underwent treatment for CDS Green, Yellow and Red Programs. The treatment chosen for each child was based on the analysis of the risk for CDS. RESULTS: All therapeutic programs presented positive results in the post-treatment assessment considering the analyzed parameters, with the exception of word repetition, sound prolongation at the end of words, and intrusion of sounds/word segments. CONCLUSION: The tested therapeutic programs - green, yellow, and red - were efficient for most of the participants. The direct intervention used in the Red Program was highly efficient in promoting fluent speech. This result suggests that for most of the patients with a higher risk of developing the chronic form of stuttering, the use of specific fluency promotion techniques is indicated.


OBJETIVO: Delinear um ensaio clínico de tratamento ­ em três modalidades ­ que verificasse se os tramentos testados para a gagueira crônica do desenvolvimento (GCD) apresentam indicadores que permitam reunir informações para a continuidade da sua aplicação, estabelecendo uma relação benefício-risco eficaz e segura. MÉTODO: Para a realização do estudo foram analisadas 252 crianças, com idades entre 2 e 12 anos, que realizaram avaliação e tratamento para a GCD. Dentre as crianças atendidas, 93 cumpriram todos os critérios de elegibilidade. Após a obtenção dos escores de risco para GCD (Protocolo de Risco para a Gagueira do Desenvolvimento) todas as crianças foram avaliadas segundo seu perfil da fluência e grau de gravidade da gagueira. Foram aplicados os tratamentos para GCD: Programa Verde; Programa Amarelo e Programa Vermelho. A determinação do tratamento mais indicado para cada criança foi baseada na análise do grau de risco para a GCD. RESULTADOS: Todos os programas terapeuticos apresentaram resultados de melhora pós-tratamento consistentes nos segmentos analisados com exceção de: repetição de palavras; prolongamentos no final das palavras e intrusão de sons/segmentos. CONCLUSÃO: Os programas terapêuticos testados ­ verde, amarelo e vermelho ­ foram eficientes para a ampla maioria dos participantes. A intervenção direta, aplicada no Programa Vermelho, foi altamente eficiente para a promoção da fala fluente, indicando que para os casos com maior índice de cronicidade a aplicação de técnicas específicas é indicada.


Subject(s)
Stuttering , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Speech , Speech Disorders , Speech Production Measurement , Stuttering/therapy
6.
Codas ; 33(2): e20190267, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33978105

ABSTRACT

Stuttering has negative impacts on an individual's quality of life and is associated with higher risk of development of social and psychological problems. From this perspective, despite the diversity of etiological hypotheses for and treatments of stuttering, the interface between psychology and speech therapy in the approach to the biopsychic aspects involved in this clinical scenario stands out. Recent research indicates that the presence, specifically of dogs, can assist patients in symbolic elaboration of psychic content. From this perspective, the aim of this study is evaluate the effects of a dog's presence on the expression of the psychic content of a stuttering person, with the hypothesis that framing may reduce symptoms. The subject is M., female, 45 years old, married, without children, hairdressing assistant, with elementary school completed. She underwent the process of speech therapy in presence of a dog. A semidirected interview was conducted after this process. A co-therapist dog of Golden Retriever breed participated in all sessions. The relevant subjective content observed in the setting during the speech therapy process, which seems to have been mobilized by the framework established by the interaction among the therapist, the patient, and the dog, seems to demonstrate an association with the manifestation of disfluencies. The dog made physical contact with, supported, motivated and welcomed the subject in situations in which psychic conflicts were demonstrated. This clinical case study indicates that the dog's presence and interaction framework favored the reduction of stuttering symptoms, promoting welcoming environment that enabled the subject's psyche-soma integration.


A gagueira gera impactos negativos na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos e está associada a maior risco de desenvolvimento de problemas sociais e psíquicos. Nessa perspectiva, apesar da diversidade das hipóteses etiológicas e dos tratamentos da gagueira, destaca-se a interface entre psicologia e fonoaudiologia na abordagem dos aspectos bio-psíquicos envolvidos nesse quadro clínico. Pesquisas recentes indicam que a presença, especificamente de cães, pode auxiliar o paciente na elaboração simbólica de conteúdos psíquicos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desse estudo é avaliar os efeitos da presença do cão na expressão de conteúdos psíquicos de um sujeito que gagueja, com a hipótese de que o enquadre pode reduzir o sintoma. O sujeito é M., sexo feminino, 45 anos, casada, sem filhos, cursou ensino fundamental completo e de auxiliar de cabeleireira. Passou pelo processo de terapia fonoaudiológica na presença do cão. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-dirigida após o processo. Um cão coterapeuta, da raça Golden Retriever, participou de todas as sessões. Alguns conteúdos subjetivos relevantes observados no setting no decorrer do processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico, os quais parecem ter sido mobilizados pelo enquadre estabelecido pela interação entre terapeuta-paciente-cão, parecem demonstrar associação com a manifestação das disfluências. O cão fez contato físico, deu suporte, motivou e acolheu o sujeito em situações de demonstração de conflitos psíquicos. Assim, este estudo de caso clínico indica que o enquadre da presença e interação do cão favoreceu a redução do sintoma da gagueira, promovendo ambiente acolhedor possibilitando a integração psique-soma do sujeito.


Subject(s)
Stuttering , Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Quality of Life , Speech , Speech Therapy , Stuttering/therapy
7.
Codas ; 32(4): e20200222, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33053075

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to describe de functional development of swallowing in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19, who were submitted to a swallowing intervention. METHODS: participants of the study were 77 patients (both gender, mean age 53.4±15.9; score on the Glasgow Coma Scale ≥14 and stable respiratory condition). The functional scale of swallowing used for assessment was the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System (ASHA NOMS). RESULTS: the results indicate that there was a significant recovery of the functional swallowing patterns when comparing the measurements pre and post swallowing intervention. CONCLUSION: 83% of the patients needed up to 3 swallowing interventions to recover a safe swallowing pattern.


OBJETIVO: descrever a evolução funcional da deglutição em pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos à intervenção fonoaudiológica na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI). MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 77 pacientes (ambos os gêneros; idade média 53.4±15.9; escore na Escala de Coma de Glasgow ≥14; e condição respiratória estável). A escala funcional utilizada para a avaliação da deglutição foi a American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System (ASHA NOMS). RESULTADOS: os resultados indicam que houve recuperação significativa nos padrões funcionais da deglutição na comparação pré e pós-intervenção fonoaudiológica. CONCLUSÃO: 83% dos pacientes necessitam de até 3 intervenções para a recuperação dos padrões seguros de deglutição.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Deglutition/physiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Humans , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , United States/epidemiology
8.
Codas ; 32(5): e20190166, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33053090

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of a simple instrument for screening dysphagia used in a large public hospital in Brazil with heterogeneous adult population. METHOD: The Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP) - screening version contains four items (altered cervical auscultation, altered vocal quality, coughing and choking before / during / after swallowing) that were previously indicated as independent risk factors associated to the presence of dysphagia in the swallowing test with water. Trained speech therapists administered and scored DREP - screening version to consecutive patients referred by hospital's medical team to perform Video Fluoroscopic for Swallowing Study (VFSS). RESULTS: 211 patients received the swallowing screen (DREP): 99 failed and 112 passed. One in every five patients was randomized to receive a VFSS. The DREP screening version demonstrated excellent validity with sensitivity at 92.9%, specificity at 75.0%, negative predictive values at 95.5% and an accuracy of 80.9%. CONCLUSION: The DREP - screening version is a simple and accurate tool to identify the risk for penetration and / or aspiration in patients who are not tube-fed, who have a good level of alertness, have no history of recurrent pneumonia, are not on pneumonia, and that do not use a tracheostomy cannula.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a validação de um instrumento simples de triagem da disfagia utilizado em um hospital público de grande porte no Brasil em população adulta heterogênea. MÉTODO: O Protocolo de Avaliação de Risco para Disfagia versão de triagem (PARDt) contém quatro itens (ausculta cervical alterada, alteração da qualidade vocal, tosse e engasgo antes/durante/após a deglutição) que foram previamente indicados como fatores de risco independentes associados à presença de disfagia no teste de deglutição com água. Fonoaudiólogos treinados administraram e classificaram o PARDt para pacientes consecutivos encaminhados pela equipe médica do hospital para realizar a videofluoroscopia da deglutição (VDF). RESULTADOS: 211 pacientes foram submetidos ao PARDt: 99 falharam e 112 passaram. Um em cada cinco pacientes foram randomicamente selecionados para VDF. O PARDt apresentou excelente validade: sensibilidade de 92,9%; especificidade de 75,0%; valores preditivos negativos de 95,5%; acurácia de 80,9%. CONCLUSÃO: O PARDt é uma ferramenta simples e precisa para identificar o risco de penetração e/ou aspiração em pacientes que não são alimentados por sonda, que apresentam bom nível de alerta, sem histórico de pneumonias de repetição, que não estejam em vigência de pneumonia e que não façam uso de cânula de traqueostomia.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Deglutition , Adult , Brazil , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Humans , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tracheostomy
9.
Codas ; 31(5): e20180274, 2019.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31721913

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of dog intervention on the regular session of speech therapy for developmental stuttering in adults. METHODS: The study involved young adults and adults with developmental stuttering. The study sample was composed of eight participants, six males and two females, ranging in age from 16 to 45 years. Participants were divided into two groups: G1 - those who underwent treatment for stuttering with the presence of a dog-therapist in the therapy room and G2 - those who underwent treatment for stuttering without the presence of the dog therapist. We included a control group, G3, composed of fluent participants, matched in age and sex to G1 and G2 to control the natural variability of speech fluency. RESULTS: Comparative results between the groups indicated that the group that performed the treatment without the presence of the dog achieved better performance, evolution and efficacy rates. CONCLUSION: for the population in this study, the dog intervention on speech therapy did not improve treatment.


OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da intervenção do cão na sessão regular de terapia fonoaudiológica para a gagueira do desenvolvimento em jovens adultos. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados jovens adultos e adultos com diagnóstico de gagueira do desenvolvimento. Concluíram o estudo oito participantes, seis do sexo masculino e dois do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 16 e 45 anos. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 ­ que realizou o tratamento para gagueira com a presença de um cão terapeuta em sala de terapia e G2 ­ que realizou o tratamento para gagueira sem a presença do cão terapeuta. Foi incluído um grupo controle, G3 ­ composto por participantes fluentes, pareado em idade e sexo ao G1 e G2, para controle da variabilidade natural da fluência da fala. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa entre os grupos indicou que o grupo que realizou o tratamento sem a presença do cão alcançou melhores índices de performance, evolução e eficácia. CONCLUSÃO: Para a população pesquisada neste estudo, não foi observado efeito da intervenção do cão na terapia fonoaudiológica.


Subject(s)
Animal Assisted Therapy/methods , Speech Therapy/methods , Stuttering/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Young Adult
10.
Codas ; 31(5): e20180238, 2019.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31618317

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Verify the correlation between two scar assessment scales and the presence of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) in patients with head and neck (H&N) burns. METHODS: Participants of this study were 16 adult individuals with H&N full-thickness burns. Data were collected through assessment of mandibular range of movement and application of the following instruments: Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), Vancouver Scar Scale, and Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES). RESULTS: Results showed moderate negative correlation between the variables deglutition, breathing, total score of the functions, total score on the OMES and scores on the scar assessment scales, indicating that the higher (more severe) the scores on these scales, the lower the scores on the items of the OMES (indicative of greater OMD severity). No correlations were observed between the items of the OMES and the POSAS Patient scale. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that there is correlation between scar severity in burn patients, measured through clinical scales, and presence of OMD. Patients who present scores indicative of H&N pathological scars should be immediately referred to orofacial myofunctional assessment.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a correlação entre duas escalas para avaliação das cicatrizes pós-queimaduras com as alterações miofuncionais orofaciais em pacientes queimados. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 16 adultos com sequelas de queimaduras de terceiro grau em cabeça e pescoço. As etapas de coleta de dados envolveram: aplicação das escalas de avaliação da cicatrização Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS) e Vancouver Scar Scale, aplicação da Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandidos (AMIOFE-E) e avaliação da mobilidade mandibular. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram correlação negativa moderada entre os itens de deglutição, respiração, escore total de funções e escore total na AMIOFE-E e as escalas de cicatriz, indicando que, quanto mais grave a pontuação nessas escalas, menor a pontuação nos itens do AMIOFE-E (indicativo de maior alteração). Não foram observadas correlações entre os itens da avaliação clínica da motricidade orofacial e a escala de gravidade da cicatriz preenchida pelos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que existe uma correlação entre a gravidade da cicatriz de pacientes queimados, medida por meio de escalas médicas, e as alterações miofuncionais orofaciais. Pacientes que apresentarem pontuação indicativa de cicatrizes patológicas em região de cabeça e pescoço devem ser imediatamente encaminhados para avaliação miofuncional orofacial.


Subject(s)
Burns/complications , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Facial Injuries/etiology , Neck Injuries/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
11.
Codas ; 31(6): e20180228, 2019.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31800881

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To perform a literature review on the existing international criteria and protocols for tracheostomy decannulation. RESEARCH: strategies: Literature review using the PubMed database with the English keywords "Tracheostomy", "Weaning", "Decannulation", "Removal Tube", "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences", "Intensive Care Units", "Dysphagia", "Swallowing", "Deglutition" and "Deglutition Disorders ". SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies published in the last five years (2012 to 2017); studies with human adult population (i.e. ages above 18 years); articles published in English; unrestricted full access articles; and research related to the objectives of the study. DATA ANALYSIS: we analyzed sample characterization; professionals involved in the decannulation process; steps of the decannulation process; total time in days of tracheostomy use; total time in days to complete decannulation process; and failure factors to complete the decannulation process. RESULTS: Most of the studies investigated tracheostomy decannulation in a sample of males with neurological impairments. The professionals involved in the decannulation process were doctors, speech therapists, physiotherapists and nurses. The most cited decannulation steps were: swallowing assessment; occlusion training; evaluation of air permeability; ability to manipulate secretion and exchange of cannula; cuff deflation and cough training; use of speech valve. CONCLUSION: Speech therapists are of great help during the decannulation process, since the assessment of swallowing was one of the decisive steps of the investigated studies. The processes of decannulation includes a multidisciplinary approach and should be performed by the cooperation between physicians, physiotherapists and speech therapists.


OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito da decanulação da traqueostomia para verificar os fatores e protocolos utilizados em estudos internacionais. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: Estudo de revisão de literatura utilizando a base de dados PubMed com os descritores em língua inglesa "Tracheostomy", "Weaning", "Decannulation", "Removal tube", "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences", "Intensive Care Units", "Dysphagia", "Swallowing", "Deglutition" e "Deglutition Disorders". CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos (2012 a 2017), com população acima de 18 anos de idade; pesquisas realizadas somente com seres humanos; artigos publicados em língua inglesa; artigos com acesso completo irrestrito; pesquisas relacionadas aos objetivos do estudo. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: foram analisados quanto aos seguintes itens: caracterização da amostra; profissionais envolvidos no processo da decanulação; etapas do processo de decanulação; tempo total em dias de uso da traqueostomia; tempo total em dias para concluir processo de decanulação; fatores de insucesso para conclusão do processo de decanulação. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da população estudada foi do gênero masculino e com alterações neurológicas. Dos profissionais envolvidos no processo de decanulação, participaram em ordem decrescente médicos, fonoaudiólogos, fisioterapeutas e enfermeiros. As etapas da decanulação mais citadas foram: avaliação da deglutição; treino de oclusão; avaliação da permeabilidade de passagem do ar; habilidade de manipulação de secreção e troca de cânula; desinsuflação do cuff e treino de tosse; uso de válvula de fala. Além disso, obtiveram-se dados a respeito do tempo total de traqueostomia e de decanulação. CONCLUSÃO: A presença do fonoaudiólogo é extremamente importante no processo de decanulação, visto que a avaliação da deglutição foi a etapa mais citada nos estudos, sendo esse trabalho realizado em conjunto com médicos e fisioterapeutas.


Subject(s)
Device Removal/methods , Tracheostomy/methods , Airway Extubation/methods , Deglutition Disorders/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Respiration, Artificial , Ventilator Weaning
12.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 77(7): 501-508, 2019 07 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31365642

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A swallowing disorder is present in more than 50% of patients with acute stroke. To identify clinical prognostic indicators of the swallowing function in a population with acute ischemic stroke and to determine prioritization indicators for swallowing rehabilitation. METHODS: Participants were adults admitted to the emergency room who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Data gathering involved a swallowing assessment to determine the functional level of swallowing (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System - ASHA NOMS) and the verification of demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: The study sample included 295 patients. For analysis purposes, patients were grouped as follows: ASHA NOMS levels 1 and 2 - ASHA1 (n = 51); levels 3, 4 and 5 - ASHA2 (n = 96); levels 6 and 7 - ASHA3 (n = 148). Statistical analyses indicated that patients who presented a poorer swallowing function (ASHA1) were older (age ≥ 70 years); had anterior circulation infarct; had lower scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS ≤ 14 points); took longer to initiate swallowing rehabilitation; had longer hospital stays; made more use of alternative feeding methods; needed more sessions of swallowing rehabilitation to remove alternate feeding methods; took longer to return to oral feeding and had poorer outcomes (fewer individuals discharged from swallowing rehabilitation sessions and increased mortality). CONCLUSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke, admitted to the emergency room, aged ≥ 70 years, score on the GCS ≤ 14, anterior circulation infarct and dementia should be prioritized for swallowing assessment and rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Stroke/physiopathology , Aged , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis
13.
Codas ; 31(2): e20170278, 2019 Apr 01.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30942285

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To characterize and compare the functional aspects of swallowing and clinical markers in intensive care patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: Participants of this study were 113 adults diagnosed with TBI. Data collection stage involved: clinical assessment of the risk for bronchoaspiration performed by a speech-language therapist; assessment of the functional level of swallowing (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System - ASHA NOMS ); assessment of the patient' health status (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment - SOFA). RESULTS: After the inclusion criteria were applied, patients were grouped according to their swallowing functional level: levels 1 and 2 - ASHA1 (n=25); levels 3, 4 and 5 - ASHA2 (n=37); levels 6 and 7 - ASHA3 (n=51). The statistical analyses indicated the following significant results: the ASHA3 group presented lower severity levels of TBI at the clinical assessment of bronchoaspiration, remained less time intubated (approximately um third less than the more severe group), remained fewer days in hospital and needed less therapy sessions to return to safe oral feeding. The clinical predictor signs for bronchoaspiration that best characterized the groups were the presence of altered auscultation and the presence of coughing after swallowing. Patients in the ASHA3 group presented these signs less frequently. CONCLUSION: The score obtained on the SOFA and the time of orotracheal intubation were identified as the prognostic indicators of functional swallowing. The presence of altered cervical auscultation and coughing were clinical predictors of dysphagia.


OBJETIVO: caracterizar e comparar os aspectos funcionais da deglutição e indicadores clínicos na população com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 113 adultos com diagnóstico de TCE. As etapas de coleta de dados envolveram: a avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica do risco de broncoaspiração, determinação do nível funcional da deglutição (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System ­ ASHA NOMS), determinação da gravidade clínica do indivíduo de acordo com a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). RESULTADOS: Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, os pacientes selecionados foram agrupados de acordo com os níveis funcionais de deglutição: níveis 1 e 2 ­ ASHA1 (n=25); níveis 3, 4 e 5 ­ ASHA2 (n=37); níveis 6 e 7 ­ ASHA3 (n=51). As análises estatísticas indicaram os seguintes resultados significantes: o grupo ASHA3 apresentou menor gravidade do TCE no momento da avaliação fonoaudiológica, menor tempo de intubação orotraqueal (um terço a menos que o grupo mais grave), ficou menos tempo hospitalizado e necessitou de menos sessões de atendimento fonoaudiológico para o retorno seguro para via oral de alimentação. Os sinais clínicos preditores de broncoaspiração que mais diferenciaram os grupos foi a presença de ausculta cervical alterada e presença de tosse após a deglutição, sendo que o grupo ASHA3 apresentou esses sinais com menor frequência. CONCLUSÃO: O escore SOFA e o tempo de intubação orotraqueal foram indicadores do prognóstico da funcionalidade da deglutição. A presença ausculta cervical alterada e tosse foram preditores clínicos de disfagia.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition/physiology , Adult , Biomarkers/analysis , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Retrospective Studies , Trauma Severity Indices
14.
Pro Fono ; 20(1): 7-12, 2008.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18408857

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: speech fluency varies from one individual to the next, fluent or stutterer, depending on several factors. Studies that investigate the influence of age on fluency patterns have been identified; however these differences were investigated in isolated age groups. Studies about life span fluency variations were not found. AIM: to verify the speech fluency developmental profile. METHOD: speech samples of 594 fluent participants of both genders, with ages between 2:0 and 99:11 years, speakers of the Brazilian Portuguese language, were analyzed. Participants were grouped as follows: pre-scholars, scholars, early adolescence, late adolescence, adults and elderlies. Speech samples were analyzed according to the Speech Fluency Profile variables and were compared regarding: typology of speech disruptions (typical and less typical), speech rate (words and syllables per minute) and frequency of speech disruptions (percentage of speech discontinuity). RESULTS: although isolated variations were identified, overall there was no significant difference between the age groups for the speech disruption indexes (typical and less typical speech disruptions and percentage of speech discontinuity). Significant differences were observed between the groups when considering speech rate. CONCLUSION: the development of the neurolinguistic system for speech fluency, in terms of speech disruptions, seems to stabilize itself during the first years of life, presenting no alterations during the life span. Indexes of speech rate present variations in the age groups, indicating patterns of acquisition, development, stabilization and degeneration.


Subject(s)
Language Development , Speech Production Measurement/methods , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurolinguistic Programming , Young Adult
15.
Pro Fono ; 20(1): 67-70, 2008.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18408867

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: stuttering. AIM: to compare muscle activation in fluent and stuttering individuals during speech and non-speech tasks. METHOD: six adults divided in two groups: G1 - three fluent individuals; G2 - three stuttering individuals. Muscle activity (surface electromyography) was captured by disposable electrodes fixed in four regions. Testing situations: muscle rest tension, speech reaction time, non-verbal activity, verbal activity. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference between the groups for the rest tension; G2 present longer speech reaction times; G2 presented muscle activity during the non-verbal task similar to that observed during rest; Muscle activity of G1 and G2 during the verbal task demonstrated to be similar. CONCLUSION: these results suggests that for G2 there is a poor control of timing for the coordination of motor processes.


Subject(s)
Facial Muscles/physiology , Neck Muscles/physiopathology , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/physiopathology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Electromyography , Humans , Male , Muscle Relaxation/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Reaction Time , Speech Acoustics , Speech Production Measurement
16.
Rev Col Bras Cir ; 45(3): e1687, 2018 Jul 23.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30043826

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to identify factors associated with dysphagia in patients undergoing prolonged orotracheal intubation (pOTI) and the post-extubation consequences. METHODS: 150 patients undergoing pOTI participated in the study, evaluated according to the deglutition functional level (American Speech Language - Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System - ASHA NOMS), severity determination (The Simplified Acute Physiology Score - SOFA) and submitted to collection of variables age, mortality, days of orotracheal intubation, number of sessions to introduce oral diet, and days to hospital discharge. We grouped patients according to ASHA classification: 1 (levels 1 and 2), 2 (levels 3, 4 and 5) and 3 (levels 6 and 7). RESULTS: the variables associated with impaired deglutition functionality were age (p<0.001), mortality (p<0.003), OTI days (p=0.001), number of sessions to introduce oral diet (p<0.001) and days to hospital discharge (p=0.018). Multiple comparisons indicated significant difference between ASHA1 and ASHA2 groups in relation to ASHA3 group. ASHA1 and ASHA2 groups had a lower SOFA score when compared with the ASHA3 group (p=0.004). Only 20% of ASHA1 patients and 32% of ASHA2 patients presented safe deglutition levels before discharge. CONCLUSION: factors associated with dysphagia in patients submitted to pOTI were age over 55 years and orotracheal intubation time (greater in the cases with worse deglutition functionality). The post-extubation consequences were increased mortality and length of hospital stay in the presence of dysphagia.


OBJETIVO: identificar os fatores associados à disfagia em pacientes submetidos à intubação orotraqueal prolongada (IOTp) e as consequências pós-extubação. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 150 pacientes submetidos à IOTp, avaliados segundo o nível funcional da deglutição (American Speech Language - Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System - ASHA NOMS), a determinação da gravidade (The Simplified Acute Physiology Score - SOFA) e a coleta das seguintes variáveis: idade, mortalidade, dias de intubação orotraqueal, número de atendimentos para introdução da alimentação oral e dias para alta hospitalar. Os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com a classificação do ASHA: 1 (níveis 1 e 2), 2 (níveis 3, 4 e 5) e 3 (níveis 6 e 7). RESULTADOS: as análises indicaram as seguintes variáveis associadas a pior funcionalidade da deglutição: idade (p<0,001), mortalidade (p<0,003); dias de IOT (p=0,001), número de atendimentos para introdução de dieta oral (p<0,001) e dias para alta hospitalar (p=0,018). As comparações múltiplas indicaram diferença significante na comparação dos grupos ASHA1 e ASHA2 em relação ao grupo ASHA3. Os grupos ASHA1 e ASHA2 apresentaram menor score na SOFA quando comparados ao grupo ASHA3 (p=0,004). Somente 20% dos pacientes do grupo ASHA1 e 32% dos pacientes do ASHA2 apresentaram níveis seguros de deglutição antes da alta hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: os fatores associados à disfagia em pacientes submetidos à IOTp foram: idade acima de 55 anos e tempo de intubação orotraqueal (maior nos casos com pior funcionalidade da deglutição). As consequências pós-extubação foram: aumento da mortalidade e do tempo de internação hospitalar na presença da disfagia.


Subject(s)
Airway Extubation , Deglutition Disorders/classification , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Critical Illness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Female , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged
17.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220053, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514015

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo correlacionar os achados da avaliação clínica miofuncional orofacial, pressão de língua e da eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) da deglutição de grupos de pacientes com diferentes alterações da motricidade orofacial. Método 44 pacientes (20 homens e 24 mulheres com idades entre 17 e 63 anos), com diferentes alterações miofuncionais orofaciais foram avaliados por meio da Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandido (AMIOFE-E), avaliação da amplitude mandibular e antropometria facial, mensuração da pressão de língua (ponta e dorso) e exame de Eletromiografia de Superfície (EMGs) em região supra hioidea na tarefa de deglutição de saliva e diferentes volumes de água. Resultados a análise estatística encontrou algumas correlações fracas que envolvem a pressão do dorso de língua e sugerem que quanto maior for a medida do terço inferior, menor será a pressão do dorso da língua; quanto maior for a medida dos trespasses (vertical e horizontal) maior será a pressão do dorso da língua; quanto maior for a pontuação da avaliação de postura e funções orofaciais, maior será a pressão do dorso de língua e quanto maior for a pressão do dorso de língua, maior será a pressão da ponta da língua. Conclusão os resultados sugerem que as alterações miofuncionais orofaciais encontradas nos diferentes grupos de pacientes estão mais relacionadas às discrepâncias maxilomandibulares do que às patologias pesquisadas no presente estudo.


ABSTRACT Purpose To correlate the findings regarding the myofunctional orofacial examination, tongue pressure and surface electromyography (sEMG) of deglutition in individuals with different orofacial myofunctional disorders. Methods 44 patients (20 males and 24 females, aged between 17 and 63 years old) with different orofacial myofunctional changes were clinically assessed using the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES-E). In addition, the range of mandibular movements and facial anthropometry were measured, along with the assessment of the tongue pressure (tip and dorsum) and of the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles during deglutition, using surface electromyography (sEMG). Results The statistical analysis found weak correlations between tongue dorsum pressure values, suggesting that the greater the measurement of the lower third of the face, the lower the pressure of the tongue dorsum; the greater the measurement of the overlaps (vertical and horizontal), the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum; the higher the score from the orofacial evaluation and orofacial functions assessment, the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum; and the higher the pressure of the tongue dorsum, the higher the pressure of the tongue tip. Conclusion The present study results indicate that the orofacial myofunctional changes found in different groups of patients are more related to the maxillomandibular discrepancies than to the pathologies investigated herein.

18.
Clinics ; 78: 100275, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520700

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and aims From a clinical point of view, post-stroke patients present difficulties in swallowing management. The purpose of this research was to identify risk factors that were independently related to the maintenance of a severe restriction of oral intake in patients affected by acute ischemic stroke. Methods The authors conducted a prospective observational cohort study of patients with dysphagia post-acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to an Emergency Room (ER). Demographic and clinical data were collected at ER admission. Swallowing data was based on The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and was collected at two distinct moments: initial swallowing assessment and at the patient outcome. Patients were divided into two groups according to their FOIS level assigned on the last swallowing assessment (at hospital outcome): G1 with severe restriction of oral intake and indication of feeding tube - patients with FOIS levels 1 to 4; G2 without restriction of food consistencies in oral intake - patients with FOIS levels 5 to 7. Results One hundred and six patients were included in our study. Results of the multivariate logistic regression model for the prediction of maintenance of a severe restriction of oral intake at hospital outcome in patients post-acute ischemic stroke indicated that increasing age (p = 0.006), and dysarthria (p = 0.003) were associated with higher chances of presenting severe restriction of oral intake at hospital outcome. Conclusions Patients with acute ischemic stroke in an Emergency Room may experience non-resolved severe dysphagia, indicating the need to prepare for the care/rehabilitation of these patients.

19.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220206, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520721

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Pesquisar duas variáveis independentes consideradas como possíveis preditores de risco cumulativo para a gagueira persistente (GP): percepção familiar da gagueira e quantidade de rupturas da fala. Método Participaram 452 crianças, com idade entre 3 a 11:11 anos, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em 4 grupos: grupo 1 (GGQ), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 2 (GGS), 42 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e sem queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 3 (FQ), 94 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9% com queixa familiar de gagueira e grupo 4 (FS), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9 sem queixa familiar de gagueira. Resultados Para o grupo GGQ há relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala típicas da gagueira e houve predominância de crianças do sexo masculino. Para o grupo GGS não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FQ não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FS houve relação significante entre a ausência de queixa familiar de gagueira e a reduzida quantidade de rupturas de fala. Conclusão O percentual de rupturas ≥3% é um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de rupturas do tipo repetições pode ser um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de gagueira, isoladamente, não deve ser considerada como indicador de GP.


ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate two independent variables considered as two possible predictors of cumulative risk for persistent stuttering: family perception of stuttering and amount of speech disruptions. Methods Participants were 452 children, aged 3 to 11:11 years, male and female, divided into 4 groups: group 1 (SCG), composed of 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and family complaint of stuttering; group 2 (SWCG), 42 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and without family complaint of stuttering; group 3 (FCG), 94 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2. 9% with family complaints of stuttering and group 4 (FWCG), 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2.9 without family complaints of stuttering. Results For the SCG group, there was a significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions typical of stuttering. In this group, there was a predominance of male children. For the SWCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FWCG group, there was a significant relation between the absence of a family complaint of stuttering and the reduced number of speech disruptions. Conclusion The percentage of speech disruptions ≥ 3% is a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. The percentage of speech disruptions ≤ 2.9% associated with syllable and sound repetitions can be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of syllable and sound repetitions may be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of stuttering alone should not be considered an indicator of persistent stuttering.

20.
CoDAS ; 35(2): e20210062, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421281

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose to investigate prosodic boundary effects on the comprehension of attachment ambiguities in Brazilian Portuguese and to test two hypotheses relying on the notion of boundary strength: the absolute boundary hypothesis (ABH) and the relative boundary hypothesis (RBH). Manipulations of prosodic structure influence how listeners interpret syntactically ambiguous sentences. However, the role of prosody in spoken language comprehension of sentences has received limited attention in languages other than English, particularly from a developmental perspective. Methods Twenty-three adults and 15 children participated in a computerized sentence comprehension task involving syntactically ambiguous sentences. Each sentence was recorded in eight different prosodic forms with acoustic manipulations of F0, duration and pause varying the boundary size to reflect predictions of the ABH and RBH. Results Children and adults differed in how prosody influenced their syntactic processing and children were significantly slower than adults. Results indicated that interpretation of sentences varied according to their prosodic forms. Conclusion Neither the ABH or the RBH explained how children and adults who speak Brazilian Portuguese use prosodic boundaries to disambiguate sentences. There is evidence that the way prosodic boundaries influence disambiguation varies cross-linguistically.


RESUMO Objetivo investigar os efeitos de fronteiras prosódicas na compreensão de ambiguidades sintáticas no português brasileiro além de testar duas hipóteses baseadas na noção de intensidade de fronteira: a hipótese de fronteira absoluta (ABH) e a hipótese de fronteira relativa (RBH). Manipulações da estrutura prosódica influenciam como os ouvintes interpretam frases sintaticamente ambíguas. No entanto, o papel da prosódia na compreensão da linguagem oral tem recebido atenção limitada em línguas além do inglês, particularmente do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento. Método Vinte e três adultos e 15 crianças participaram de uma tarefa computadorizada de compreensão de frases envolvendo frases sintaticamente ambíguas. Cada frase foi gravada em oito formas prosódicas diferentes com manipulações acústicas de F0, duração, e pausa, variando o tamanho da fronteira prosódica de modo a transparecer as previsões da ABH e RBH. Resultados Crianças e adultos diferiram em como a prosódia influenciou o processamento sintático; as crianças foram significativamente mais lentas que os adultos. Os resultados indicaram que a interpretação das frases variou de acordo com suas formas prosódicas. Conclusão Nenhuma das hipóteses (ABH ou RBH) explica como crianças e adultos falantes do Português brasileiro utilizam as fronteiras prosódicas para desambiguar frases. Há evidências de que a maneira com a qual os limites prosódicos influenciam a desambiguação de frases varia entre os idiomas.

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