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1.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 33(6): 464-473, 2023 12 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36098275

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity negatively impacts on the response of asthma patients to inhaled corticosteroids. The mechanisms underlying this impact are unknown. Objective: To demonstrate that the poor response to inhaled corticosteroids in obese asthma patients is associated with impaired anti-inflammatory activity of corticosteroids and vitamin D deficiency, both of which are improved by weight loss. METHODS: The study population comprised 23 obese asthma patients (OA) (18 females; median (IQR) age 56 [51-59] years), 14 nonobese asthma patients (NOA) (11 females; 53 [43-60] years), 15 obese patients (OP) (13 females; 47 [45-60] years), and 19 healthy controls (HC) (14 females; 43 [34-56] years). Ten OA and 11 OP were evaluated at baseline (V1) and 6 months after bariatric surgery (V2). Corticosteroid response was measured using dexamethasone-induced inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. Lung function and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and vitamin D were measured at V1 and V2. RESULTS: We found a reduced response to dexamethasone in PBMCs of OP and OA with respect to NOA and HC; this inversely correlated with the adiponectin/leptin ratio and vitamin D levels. Bariatric surgery improved corticosteroid responses in OP and OA and normalized the adiponectin/leptin ratio and vitamin D levels. Exposure of PBMCs to vitamin D potentiated the antiproliferative effects of corticosteroids. Dexamethasone and vitamin D induced similar MKP1 expression in OP and OA. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of weight loss to improve symptoms and lung function in OA may be due, at least in part, to the recovered anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to corticosteroid hyporesponsiveness in OA.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Vitamin D Deficiency , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Vitamin D , Leptin/therapeutic use , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Adiponectin/therapeutic use , Asthma/complications , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/complications , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Weight Loss/physiology
2.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 33(5): 317-331, 2023 Oct 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37070949

ABSTRACT

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly prevalent and burdensome disease for both individuals and health systems. Its management involves many specialties, including otorhinolaryngology, allergology, pulmonology, primary care, pharmacy, and pediatrics. A multidisciplinary approach and the participation of the patient in decision-making are essential, both for diagnosis and for therapy. The authors of the consensus aim to translate current knowledge into an easy-to-read practical guide and emphasize those aspects requiring further discussion or with unmet needs owing to the lack of appropriate scientific evidence. An iterative approach for the development of an evidence-based systematic review with recommendations was followed using a standard quality assessment approach (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN] and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]). The guideline was critically evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and Recommendation Excellence (AGREE REX) instruments. Consequently, POLINA has been considered a high-quality guideline by an independent agency. The POLINA consensus provides new definitions of control, therapeutic management (including surgery and evaluation of severity), indications for use of biologics, and response. Finally, this guideline focuses on unmet research needs in CRSwNP.

3.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 33(4): 281-288, 2023 Jul 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35503227

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Comorbidities can influence asthma control and promote asthma exacerbations (AEs). However, the impact of multimorbidity in AEs, assessed based on long-term follow-up of patients with asthma of different degrees of severity, has received little attention in real-life conditions. To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and predictors of AEs in patients who had presented at least 1 AE in the previous year in the MEchanism of Genesis and Evolution of Asthma (MEGA) cohort. METHODS: The work-up included a detailed clinical examination, pulmonary function testing, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood counts, induced sputum, skin prick-tests, asthma questionnaires, and assessment of multimorbidity. The number of moderate-severe AEs in the preceding year was registered for each patient. RESULTS: The study population comprised 486 patients with asthma (23.7% mild, 35% moderate, 41.3% severe). Disease remained uncontrolled in 41.9%, and 47.3% presented ≥1 moderate-severe AE, with a mean (SD) annual exacerbation rate of 0.47 (0.91) vs 2.11 (2.82) in mild and severe asthma, respectively. Comorbidity was detected in 56.4% (66.6% among those with severe asthma). Bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, atopy, psychiatric illnesses, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were significantly associated with AEs. No associations were found for FeNO, blood eosinophils, or total serum IgE. Sputum eosinophilia and a high-T2 inflammatory pattern were significantly associated with AEs. Multivariable regression analysis showed a significant association with asthma severity, uncontrolled disease, and low prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a high frequency of AE in the MEGA cohort. This was strongly associated with multimorbidity, asthma severity, poor asthma control, airflow obstruction, higher sputum eosinophils, and a very high-T2 inflammatory pattern.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Eosinophilia , Humans , Nitric Oxide , Multimorbidity , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/epidemiology , Eosinophils
4.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 33(1): 37-44, 2023 Feb 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35416154

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), which is characterized by partial loss of smell (hyposmia) or total loss of smell (anosmia), is commonly associated with asthma and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). CRSwNP worsens disease severity and quality of life. The objective of this real-world study was to determine whether biological treatments prescribed for severe asthma can improve olfaction in patients with CRSwNP. A further objective was to compare the improvement in in olfaction in N-ERD and non-N-ERD subgroups. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective, observational study of 206 patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP undergoing biological treatment (omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, or reslizumab). RESULTS: Olfaction improved after treatment with all 4 monoclonal antibodies (omalizumab [35.8%], mepolizumab [35.4%], reslizumab [35.7%], and benralizumab [39.1%]), with no differences between the groups. Olfaction was more likely to improve in patients with atopy, more frequent use of short-course systemic corticosteroids, and larger polyp size. The proportion of patients whose olfaction improved was similar between the N-ERD (37%) and non-N-ERD (35.7%) groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first real-world study to compare improvement in olfaction among patients undergoing long-term treatment with omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, or benralizumab for severe asthma and associated CRSwNP. Approximately 4 out of 10 patients reported a subjective improvement in olfaction (with nonsignificant differences between biologic drugs). No differences were found for improved olfaction between the N-ERD and non-N-ERD groups.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Biological Products , Nasal Polyps , Rhinitis , Sinusitis , Humans , Omalizumab/therapeutic use , Nasal Polyps/complications , Nasal Polyps/drug therapy , Smell , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Anosmia/complications , Anosmia/drug therapy , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Asthma/complications , Asthma/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Sinusitis/complications , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Chronic Disease , Rhinitis/complications , Rhinitis/drug therapy
5.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 29(3): 168-179, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30561365

ABSTRACT

There is growing evidence that events occurring early in life, both before and after birth, are significantly associated with the risk of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diminished lung function later in life. In fact, from conception to death, a series of continuous, dynamic gene-environment interactions determine 2 fundamental biological processes, namely, lung development and lung aging. Over 130 birth cohorts have been initiated in the last 30 years. Data from these cohorts have improved our understanding of the inception, progression, and persistency of asthma. In this review, we summarize the main data for the early life events proven to determine later development and persistence of asthma, such as maternal atopy and smoking, preterm birth/bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infections, nutrition, obesity, smoking, and other environmental exposures in childhood and adolescence. While some of these factors are obviously impossible to prevent or eliminate, others have been proven to have a protective role, and current research is aimed optimizing them. Available prophylactic measures are also reviewed. In the case of environmental pollution, large scale political interventions successfully managed to decrease contamination levels, leading to improved lung function and lower asthma prevalence in the respective geographical areas. Future research should focus on better understanding these complex interactions in order to develop and enhance effective preventive therapeutic measures.


Subject(s)
Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Lung/physiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology , Animals , Asthma , Child , Female , Gene-Environment Interaction , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
13.
Eur J Intern Med ; 2024 06 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38880725

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is a rare ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Its overlapping features with other vasculitic or eosinophilic diseases, and the wide and heterogeneous range of clinical manifestations, often result in a delay to diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To identify red flags that raise a suspicion of EGPA to prompt diagnostic testing and to present an evidence-based clinical checklist tool for use in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Systematic literature review and expert consensus to identify a list of red flags based on clinical judgement. GRADE applied to generate a strength of recommendation for each red flag and to develop a checklist tool. RESULTS: 86 studies were included. 40 red flags were identified as relevant to raise a suspicion of EGPA and assessed by the experts as being clinically significant. Experts agreed that a diagnosis of EGPA should be considered in a patient aged ≥6 years with a blood eosinophil level >1000 cells/µL if untreated and >500 cells/µL if previously treated with any medication likely to have altered the blood eosinophil count. The presence of asthma and/or nasal polyposis should reinforce a suspicion of EGPA. Red flags of asthma, lung infiltrates, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, polyneuropathy, biopsy with inflammatory eosinophilic infiltrates, palpable purpura, digital ischaemia and ANCA positivity, usually anti-myeloperoxidase, among others, were identified. CONCLUSION: The identification of a comprehensive set of red flags could be used to raise a suspicion of EGPA in patients with eosinophilia, providing clinicians with an evidence-based checklist tool that can be integrated into their practice.

14.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 21(1): 6-15, Dic. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-540603

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la carga inmediata se ha convertido en una alternativa viable de tratamiento que ofrece múltiplesbeneficios a los pacientes como función y estética inmediata, reducción del trauma quirúrgico y disminución del tiempo total de tratamiento. Se hizo un estudio prospectivo controlado para la colocación de implantes en casos clínicos de restauración de dienteúnico que recogiese el consenso propuesto en la literatura para evaluar el éxito clínico bajo el protocolo de carga inmediata: implantes de conexión interna, cónicos, de superficie texturizada y un mínimo de 32 Ncm de torque inicial. Métodos: se colocaron21 implantes Renova® (Lifecore Biomedical Inc., Chaska, MN) en 17 pacientes adultos (6 hombres y 11 mujeres) rango de edad entre 18 y 74 años, sistémicamente sanos con necesidad de reemplazo de diente único en sectores anterior y premolar de ambos maxilares. Resultados: la tasa de éxito acumulativa a 18 meses fue de 95,2%. Se obtuvieron valores de éxito similares a los reportados con el protocolo de carga convencional y se encontró correlación directa entre la distancia desde el hueso al punto decontacto y el porcentaje de presencia de papila en el espacio interproximal. Conclusión: los resultados indican que el protocolo de carga inmediata para el tratamiento de restauraciones de diente único en la zona anterior mediante implantes temporalizadosinmediatamente, sin función oclusal, es una alternativa viable con tasas de éxitos mayores al 95%, comparables a las logradas con el protocolo de carga convencional.


Introduction: immediate loading of implants has become a viable treatment alternative that offers multiple benefitsfor patients such as providing immediate function and esthetics, reduction of surgical trauma and less treatment time. A controlled prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the success of immediately loaded implants for single-tooth restoration following consensus protocols in recent literature. Methods: twenty-one 3.75 x 13mm RBM-treated surface internal connection implants (Renova®, Lifecore Biomedical Inc., Chaska Mn.) were placed in 17 systemically healthy patients (6 males, 11 females), ages between 18 and 74 years who required single-tooth replacement in the anterior and premolar regions of both jaws. Results: the 18-month cumulative success rate for this study was 95.2%. According to the statistical analysis in this study, immediate loading of implants for single-tooth restoration compares favorably to the two-stage protocol and a direct correlation between the distancefrom bone to contact point and papilla filling was found. Conclusions: results from the present study indicate that the single-tooth restoration in the anterior area with immediately loaded surface-treated threaded titanium implants and no occlusal function is a viable treatment alternative with a success rate greater than 95%, comparable to the conventional loading protocol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Titanium
15.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 19(1): 60-74, Dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489774

ABSTRACT

En este estudio se realizó una evaluación de la estabilidad clínica de los miniimplantes utilizados como anclaje óseo para la intrusión de molares superiores. Se emplearon treinta y cuatro mini implantes de acero inoxidable marca Leone® de cuatro dimensiones (1,5 x 10 mm, 1,5x12 mm, 2 x 10 mm y 2 x 12 mm), en nueve pacientes y un total de dieciocho dientes por intruir. El procedimiento de inserción se hizo de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del fabricante. La estabilidad de los mini implantes se evaluó mensualmente midiendo su movilidad clínica por medio de un calibrador digital. Se encontró que todos los miniimplantes colocados fueron efectivos como anclaje óseo para realizar el movimiento intrusivo a pesar de la aparición de movilidad en algunos de ellos, lo que indica que los mini implantes pueden tener cierto rango de movimiento sin perder su eficacia clínica. Se encontró que variables como la fuerza aplicada al miniimplante, la dimensión (longitud y diámetro) y el torque de inserción no tienen relación con la estabilidad. A diferencia de esto se halló que los mini implantes ubicados en la mucosa palatina fueron más estables que los localizados en la zona vestibular. La encía queratinizada presenta mejores condiciones clínicas (menor inflamación e hiperplasia) que la mucosa alveolar para la colocación de los mini implantes que favorecen la estabilidad a través del tiempo. En ningún molar se encontraron signos de reabsorción radicular en la evaluación radiográfica.


Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Orthodontics , Tooth Movement Techniques
16.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 18(1): 6-16, Dec. 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-557449

ABSTRACT

En este estudio se realizó una evaluación clínica y radiográfica entre un grupo de pacientes con implantes de superficie maquinada y otro grupo con superficie modificada para determinar si existe alguna diferencia significativa que justifique la utilización de una u otra superficie; para ello se trabajó con dos tipos de implantes de la casa comercial Lifecore®, un grupo con 30 implantes de superficie maquinada o lisa (SuperCAT®) y 30 implantes de superficie modificada o rugosa (RBM®), de conexión externa, tipo tornillo, para la restauración de diente único. El procedimiento quirúrgico se realizó de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del fabricante y a los seis meses se realizó la cirugía de destape y se colocó una restauración temporal. Se siguieron los parámetros de Roos y colaboradores (1997) para la evaluación clínica y radiográfica. Se obtuvo el 100% de oseointegración de los implantes para ambos grupos. La pérdida ósea promedio fue de 0,78 mm. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la evaluación clínica y radiográfica entre los dos grupos de implantes de superficie maquinada o modificada para la restauración de diente único.


The aim of this study is to undertake a clinical and radiographic evaluation between two different patient groups: machined versus modified surface, to find out if there is statistically significant difference that support the use of implants with different surface properties. Sixty screw, external hex connection implants were examined: one group with 30 machined surface implants (SuperCAT®), and a second group with 30 implants with modified surface (RBM®), for restoring a single tooth. The surgical procedure was performed according with the manufacturer’s protocol. After six months the second phase surgery was performed and the temporary restoration was placed. At this point, the first radiographic evaluation was made. The Roos et al (1997) parameters were followed for the clinical and radiographic evaluation. A 100% of osseointegration was accomplished in both groups. The average marginal bone loss was 0.78 mm, without significant differences between the groups. All implants were reported as success grade 1, with no complications. There are not significant differences between the two groups of machined and modified implant surfaces for single tooth restoration.


Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Osseointegration , Titanium
17.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 17(2): 46-57, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-456794

ABSTRACT

En la literatura médica se ha sugerido el uso de aleaciones con un mínimo de 50 por ciento de contenido de oro para minimizar la corrosión en la unión implante-restauración. Sin embargo, las implicaciones clínicas a largo plazo de la colocación de dos metales diferentes en restauraciones sobre implantes es aún desconocido. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar la caracterización electroquímica de cuatro biomateriales metálicos de uso odontológico para determinar la posibilidad de corrosión entre ellos cuando se ponen en contacto durante los procedimientos restauradores sobre implantes. Se realizó un estudio in vitro de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo y comparativo. Se trabajó con cuatro tipos de biomateriales metálicos: titanio comercialmente puro, tomando como muestra un implante SuperCAT® de la casa Lifecore (Lifecore Biomedical Inc., Chaska, MN.); metal altamente noble, con un colado que se realizó a partir de un pilar plástico tipo UCLA® (Lifecore Biomedical Inc., Chaska, MN), con aleación IPS d.sign 91® (Williams, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein); aleación de metal base con un colado que se realizó a partir de un pilar plástico tipo UCLA® con aleación IPS d.sign 15®, y aleación de titanio (Ti6Al 4V), usando un aditamento protésico tipo COC® de la casa comercial Lifecore. Se hizo la caracterización electroquímica de las cuatro aleaciones metálicas mediante un potenciostato Bas Zãhner, con una celda de tres electrodos, usando como electrodo de referencia el electrodo de Ag/AgCl, obteniendo tres curvas de polarización para cada grupo en su forma pasivada y sin pasivar. La lectura de las curvas potenciodinámicas realizadas en este estudio, con cuatro biomateriales metálicos, y tomando como criterio el potencial de corrosión, concluye un excelente comportamiento para la aleación de titanio y de metales altamente nobles. La mejor combinación, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de potencial de corrosión y corriente a potenciales anódicos, se da con el titanio...


Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Corrosion , Dental Implants , Titanium
18.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 4(1): 17-25, oct. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-126226

ABSTRACT

Una adecuada definición de bruxismo es necesaria para determinar su verdadera prevalencia, signos y síntomas. Es por esto que el trabajo pretende proporcionar una revisión global y determinar una adecuada ubicación del bruxismo dentro de las actividades parafuncionales. A partir de allí se hace una revisión de los factores etiológicos y el tratamiento del bruxismo, acompañando este último a los cambios que han ocurrido en la búsqueda del factor etiológico, desde la teoría puramente oclusal, pasando por una combinación de factores oclusales y psicológicos y eterminando con la idea de una etiología netamente psicológica ante la cual sólo queda proponer esquemas de tratamiento en el sistema estomatognático no ya con la finalidad de eliminar o detener el bruxismo, sino con la idea de dar protección al sistema ante los hábitos parafuncionales


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Bruxism/etiology , Bruxism/therapy , Habits , Dental Occlusion, Traumatic/diagnosis , Mouth Rehabilitation/methods , Stomatognathic System/physiopathology , Stress, Physiological
19.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 3(1): 9-15, oct. 1991.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-106757

ABSTRACT

La primera evidencia macroscópica de la caries del esmalte puede observarse en un diente como una pequeña región opaca, blanca o parda. La superficie del esmalte sobrepuesta a esta lesión es dura y brillante. Las características histológicas de la lesión cariosa pequeña en el esmalte dental humano han permitido la aparición de diferentes clasificaciones. La más usada es aquella que habla de cuatro zonas: 1) zona traslúcida, en el frente de la lesión; 2) zona oscura; 3) cuerpo de la lesión y, 4) la zona superficial, de esmalte aparentemente sin daño. Uno de los tratamientos propuestos para la lesión cariosa pequeña del esmalte ha sido su remineralización. El ataque carioso al órgano dentinopulpar produce una respuesta que se puede desarrollar en tres niveles: 1) en dentina: esclerosis tubular; 2) en la interfase pulpadentina; dentina estimulada y calcificaciones atubulares; 3) en la pulpa: inflamación. El estudio de la caries en la superficie radicular sólo ha recibido adecuada atención en los últimos tiempos, y es por ello que se encuentra muy poca información acerca de su comportamiento clínico, etiología, histopatología, microbiología y tratamiento


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries/history , Dental Caries/microbiology , Dental Caries/pathology , Dental Caries/therapy
20.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 3(1): 35-44, oct. 1991.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-106761

ABSTRACT

La dimensión vertical puede ser definida prostodónticamente como la medición vertical de la cara entre dos puntos arbitrarios, sobre la línea media. La posición fisiológica de descanso ha sido el punto de referencia más utilizado para su evaluación clínica, pero aún hoy existe incertidumbre acerca de su localización exacta, en parte por las dificultades asociadas con la manipulación del maxilar superior, o por la imprecisión de los métodos usados. Algunos de los métodos más empleados para determinar la dimensión vertical son: distancia interoclusal, registros preextracción, deglución, fonética, cefalometría, electromiografía, fotografía, etc. Estudios comparativos de diferentes métodos concluyen que el juicio clínico y la comodidad del paciente son los factores finales que determinarán la dimensión vertical. Análisis electromiográficos muestran disminución de la actividad muscular cuando la dimensión vertical se aumenta, encontrándose su actividad electromiográfica basal tónica (actividad EMG de reposo) en una posición de apertura de entre 8-16 mm. En conclusión, la evidencia disponible sugiere que la posición de descanso clínico y la posición de actividad muscular mínima (basal tónica), determinada electromiográficamente, no coinciden


Subject(s)
Vertical Dimension , Temporomandibular Joint , Cephalometry , Deglutition , Electromyography , Jaw Relation Record , Phonation
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