Inflammatory markers related to survival in breast cancer patients: Peru.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a disease with high global prevalence. Clinical inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic indicators in oncology. This research aims to determine the relationship between inflammatory markers and overall survival in breast cancer patients from four representative hospitals in Lima, Peru. METHODS: This is a multicentric, analytical, longitudinal retrospective cohort study with survival analysis in female patients with breast cancer, from 2015 to 2020, who had received at least one complete treatment regimen. The dependent variable was overall survival, and the independent variables were inflammatory markers neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin, and red cell distribution width; intervening variables included age, clinical stage, molecular subtype, and other known prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to generate survival curves with the Log-Rank test, and finally, Cox regression, to find crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS: Of 705 evaluated patients, 618 were analyzed. The mean age was 56.6 ± 12.3 years, 18.0% of patients were pure HER2 positive, 39.3% luminal A, 29.9% luminal B, 11.0% triple-negative, and 81.4% showed overweight and obesity. The average overall survival was 51.1 months. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly related to lower overall survival were PLR > 150 (adjusted HR: 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 4.44) and stage III (adjusted HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.35, 12.83). CONCLUSIONS: The Elevated Platelet-Lymphocyte Index and advanced clinical stage were associated with lower overall survival in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, PLR >150 proved to be an independent prognostic factor for mortality.

Selected Domains within a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Older Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma are Highly Associated with Frailty.

Background: The incidence of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is increasing, particularly among older patients who tend to have worse outcomes and can be predisposed to increased toxicities and less treatment tolerance. Therefore, a thorough pre-treatment assessment is essential. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can be used to evaluate the older patient considering chemotherapy and is the preferred evaluation tool. However, a formal CGA is laborious, complex and time-consuming. Objectives: To characterize older adults with NHL and determine the CGA variables with the greatest association to frailty in order to propose a more simplified assessment. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data collected from CGAs in NHL patients > 65 years admitted to our oncology service, from September 2015 to August 2017. Our evaluation parameters included: polypharmacy, a screening tool of older people's prescriptions (STOPP), the Lawton scale, Barthel index, Katz index, gait speed, a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, a Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE), the Yesavage and Gijon scales, a Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA), a Geriatric Syndromes assessment, and a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric (CIRS-G). The formal CGA was comprised of nine domains; frailty was defined as an impairment in > 2 domains. Each parameter was individually compared with frailty, and the results were used to build different multivariate models using logistic regression analyses to obtain the variables with the highest frailty association. Results: A total of 253 patients were included. Their median age was 75.4 years (range 65-92), and 62.1% had > 1 impaired domain, with 39.9% considered frail. Bivariate analysis showed strong associations with age > 85 and all the geriatric parameters except for STOPP. Our final multivariate analysis resulted in 5 domains (the use of > 5 medications, a Lawton < 7, TUG > 20, Yesavage > 5, and the presence of at least one geriatric syndrome) being significantly associated with frailty and performing similarly to a CGA. Conclusion: In our population of older NHL patients, an abbreviated evaluation based of only five domains, polypharmacy, TUG, Lawton scale, Yesavage scale and the presence of at least one geriatric syndrome, had similar performance to a formal CGA in determining frailty.

Linfoma difuso de células grandes B CD5 positivo con compromiso prostático: una recurrencia inusual / CD5 positive Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with prostate involvement: An unusual recurrenc

Introducción: El Linfoma de células grandes B CD5 positivo (LDCGB CD5+) constituye una patología rara y agresiva con pobre respuesta a la quimioinmunoterapia. Objetivo: Describir un caso con diagnóstico de LDCGB CD5+ con recurrencia inusual prostática. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 61 años con sintomatología de dolor abdominal y síntomas B. Los estudios de imagen mostraron adenopatías mediastinales y retroperitoneales. El informe patológico fue compatible LDCGB CD5+, recibiendo terapia de primera línea con R-CHOP logrando remisión completa, con recaída precoz prostática confirmada por inmunohistoquímica. Posteriormente, inicia terapia de rescate con R-ICE, con pobre respuesta y deterioro del estado funcional. Conclusiones: El LDCGB CD5 + representa una patología infrecuente y agresiva, siendo la recaída en próstata un evento muy inusual, es por ello que los exámenes clínicos exhaustivos y anatomo-patológico son esenciales para un diagnóstico certero. A la fecha, la respuesta a terapias estándar o de mayor intensidad son desalentadoras, por lo que es necesario un mayor número de estudios a futuro(AU)

Introduction: CD5 positive Large B-cell Lymphoma (CD5 + DLBCL) constitutes a rare and aggressive pathology with poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. Objective: To describe a case with a diagnosis of CD5 + DLBCL with an unusual recurrence in the prostate. Clinical case: A 61-year-old male presented abdominal pain and B symptoms. Imaging studies showed mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. The pathology informed a CD5+ DLBCL diagnosis, receiving first-line R-CHOP treatment and achieving complete remission, with prostatic early relapse confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, he received R-ICE as rescue treatment with poor response and performance status decline. Conclusions: CD5 + LDCGB represents a rare and aggressive disease, being the prostate relapse a very unusual event, in which the exhaustive clinical and pathological workup is essential for an accurate diagnosis. To date, the response to standard or higher-intensity therapies is disappointing, so more studies are needed in the future(AU)

Quimioterapia de salvataje con carboplatino y doxorrubicina liposomal pegilada en una paciente con cáncer de ovario pretratado / Salvage chemotherapy with carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in a pretreated patient with ovarian cancer

Se presenta a una mujer peruana de 56 años con cáncer de ovario, estadio IIIC, tipo seroso, de alto grado, con citorredución primaria óptima, que recibió en primera línea carboplatino/paclitaxel por seis ciclos. Al quinto mes desarrolló recurrencia retroperitoneal, por lo que recibió doxorrubicina liposomal pegilada por tres ciclos, con progresión de enfermedad. Luego de progresar a cuatro líneas adicionales de tratamiento, en séptima línea tuvo respuesta completa con carboplatino/doxorrubicina liposomal pegilada...

In the present article described a Peruvian patient of 56 years old with Ovarian carcinoma stage IIIC type high serous with optimal primary cytoreduction. In first line, she received carboplatin/paclitaxel each 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Five months from last cycle of chemotherapy, she developed a retroperitoneal recurrence. As second line, patient received pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for 3 cycles with progression disease. Then she received four additional lines of treatment without response. In seven line a combination of carboplatin/pegylated liposomal doxorubicin had a complete response...

Desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociado al virus Epstein Barr y relacionado a la edad: reporte de 9 casos y revisión de la literatura / Age-related and Epstein Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder: a 9-case report and literature review

Introducción: el desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociado al virus Epstein Barr (VEB) y relacionado a la edad es una nueva entidad en nuestro medio. La infección por el VEB puede producir un crecimiento incontrolado de los linfocitos B que son normalmente inactivos, reportándose la aparición de desórdenes linfoproliferativos de curso agresivo y una pobre sobrevida.Casos clínicos: nueve pacientes de nacionalidad peruana diagnosticados como desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociado al VEB y relacionado a la edad fueron incluidos en este reporte. Todos los pacientes fueron positivos para la prueba del EBER por hibridización in situ cromogénica (CISH). La morfología en todos los casos fue de linfoma de células grandes. La expresión inmunohistoquìmica de CD20, BCL6, CD10 y MUM-1/IRF4 fueron evaluados usando la técnica de tissue microarray. Los nueve pacientes tuvieron un fenotipo no centro germinal like. La mayoría de nuestros pacientes fueron pacientes con edad avanzada con pobre status performance, síntomas B, alto IPI y enfermedad avanzada. La sobrevida fue muy corta. Conclusión: reportamos en nuestro medio una nueva entidad denominada desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociada al VEB, el cual presenta un curso agresivo y pobre pronóstico.

Introduction: Age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associatedwith Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a newly described condition in our country. EBV infection may lead to a non-controlled growth of normally inactive B-lymphocytes, so lymphoproliferative disorders with an aggressive course and poor survival occur. Clinical cases: Nine Peruvian patients diagnosed with age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated EBV were included in this report. All patients were positive for EBER test using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Morphology in every case corresponded to large-cell lymphoma. CD20, BCL6, CD10, and MUM-1/IRF4 histochemical expression was assessed using a tissue microarray. All nive patients had a phenotype not germinal center-like. Most of our patients were elderly subjects with a poor performance status, type B symptoms, high values in the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and advanced disease. Their survival was quite short. Conclusion: We report for the first time a new condition called age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated EBV, which has an aggressive course and a poor prognosis.

Niveles séricos totales de inmunoglobulina E como indicador de la respuesta TH2 en pacientes con TBC pulmonar activa

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comparar los títulos de IgE sérico total en pacientes - TBC pulmonar recién diagnosticados y controles sanos. Además correlacionar IgE sérico total con la baciloscopía cuantitativa, la extensión de daño y el patrón radiográfico. Se contó con 15 pacientes BK-positivos captados del Hospital General Honorio Delgado durante el período febrero-setiembre de 1996 y 15 controles sanos quiénes fueron donantes voluntarios que acudieron al Banco de Sangre del Hospital IPSS Central-Arequipa durante el mes de octubre de 1996; en ambos casos fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos. La determinación de los títulos séricos totales de IgE fueron medidos empleando el reactivo IgE total - IRMA que emplea la técnica de radioinmunoanálisis; mediante la baciloscopía cuantitativa se agrupó a los pacientes en tres categorías de acuerdo al número de cruces; con la radiografía de pulmones se estableció la extensión de daño (leve-moderado-severo) y el patrón radiográfico. Se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis, encontrándose los títulos de IgE aumentados en los pacientes TBC con respecto a los controles, diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P=0.045); lo que no sucedió con las otras relaciones. Adicionalmente se halló una relación inversa entre los niveles de IgE y la edad en ambos grupos. Además un incremento en la diferencia dependiente de la edad, que no se advierte en los más jóvenes. Se concluye que los pacientes con TBC pulmonar activa presentan niveles séricos más altos de IgE total que los controles sanos, diferencia que es más notoria con la edad; lo que expresa una respuesta TH2 no protectora, inducida probablemente por ciertos antígenos del bacilo, condiciones de estimulación, factores endocrinos y genéticos.