[Anatomical and physiological assessment of the collateral circulation in experimental femoral artery ligation in venous insufficiency]. / Anatomo-fiziologicheskaia otsenka kollateral'nogo krovoobrashcheniia pri éksperimental'noi pereviazke bedrennoi arterii v usloviiakh venoznoi nedostatochnosti.

Peculiarities of collateral circulation following isolated and combined ligations of the femoral vessels were studied in experiments on 62 dogs through physiologic and anatomic investigation methods. It has been shown that the ligation of the vein prevents the exsanguination of the limb, arising from an injury to the main artery, favours an accelerated anatomic reconstruction of the arterial collaterals, but increases microcirculatory disturbances, aggravates tissue ischemia and disorder of the acid-base balance, which as a whole evidences a detrimental effect of concomitant venous insufficiency upon the process of the restoration of the circulation in the limb.

[Characteristics of collateral circulation after ligation of the femoral artery under conditions of cold injury]. / Osobennosti kollateral'nogo krovoobrashcheniia posle pereviazki bedrennoi arterii v usloviiakh kholodovoi travmy

Studies on 52 dogs have shown that ligation of the femoral artery 12-14 hours following ice cooling of the extremity is accompanied with a great number of severe acute pneumonias frequently resulting in death. The leading mechanism of local disorders is spasm of the collaterals, the development of circulatory hypoxia of the tissues and congestive alterations in the venous system.

[Functional and morphological changes in the nerves following injury due to traction mechanism (experimental and morphological studies)]. / Funktsional'nye i morfologicheskie izmeneniia nerva pri traktsionnom mekhanizme ego povrezhdeniia. (Eksperimental'noe-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

In acute and chronic experiments on 52 animals (rabbits and dogs), carried out by means of neurophysiologic and neurohistologic methods, the authors have studied functional and histologic changes in the nerves following a one-step forced traction. Traction injuries have been found to cause early trophic disorders, persistent and long-lasting alterations of the nerve conductability and excitability. Some considerable retrograde changes in the nerves and related segments of the spinal cord have been noted together with the delay of the resorption of the decay products of the axons and the myelin sheath in the peripheral nerve fragment. The severity degree of the alterations depends on the degree of the traction.

[Characteristics of development of collateral vessels after experimental ligation of the femoral artery under conditions of venous insufficiency]. / Osobennosti razvitiia kollateralei pri éksperimental'noi pereviazke bedrennoi arterii v usloviiakh venoznoi nedostatochnosti.

Isolated ligation of the femoral artery and its combined ligation with the vein was performed in experiments on 62 dogs. Anatomical and physiological methods were used. It was stated that at the combined ligation collaterals developed sooner, number of anastomoses in muscles of the femoral posterior osseous-fascial case was greater, and their lumen was wider than at the isolated ligation of the femoral artery. However, the combined arterio-venous insufficiency was followed by a more severe postoperative course and noticeable biochemical disturbances. Thus, a certain discrepancy between the development of collaterals and the function of the tissue they feed was revealed. Analysing the data obtained it is possible to conclude that venous insufficiency, despite accelerating the transformation of the collaterals as a whole, aggravates conditions for collateral arterial circulation in the extremity.

[Anatomical and functional characteristics of nerve degeneration and regeneration in traction injuries]. / Anatomo-funktsional'nye osobennosti degeneratsii i regeneratsii nervov pri ikh traktsionnykh povrezhdeniiakh.

Morphological and functional changes in the nerve after its single extension by 30% of the initial length have been studied in 50 rabbits and dogs by means of neurophysiological and neurohistological techniques for 10 days--6 months. It has been stated that traction lesions result in early trophic disorders, in stable changes of the nerve conductivity and excitation demonstrated in electromyograms from the innervated muscles. The greatest changes (fascicular and axonal breaks) are observed in the zone of trauma. Considerable retrograde changes are observed in the nerve and in corresponding segments of the spinal cord, as well as delayed resorption of the disintegration products of the axial cylinders and myelin membranes both in proximal and peripheral parts of the nerve. After traction lesions, neural fibres restore unevenly, "mosaic" regeneration is observed. Functional and structural-morphological changes in the nerve trunk distinctly correlate with each other, therefore it is possible to prognosticate the degree of the lesions in question.

[The intratruncal structure of the connections between the sympathetic trunk and the human brachial plexus and their individual differences]. / Vnutristvol'noe stroenie sviazei simpaticheskogo stvols s plechevym spleteniem cheloveka i ikh individual'nye razlichiia

The intratrunkal structure of 219 superficial and profound connecting branches between the sympathetic trunk and humeral plexus was studied in 18 people. Staining after Weigert--Pal was used followed by calculation of the absolute number of myelinated fibres. Individual features were revealed both in the diameter and in the intratrunkal plexus structure of connections as well as in the amount of myelinated fibres in similar connecting branches in different people. Qualitative distinctions between superficial and profound connections were noted. Intratrunkal characteristics of the reflect the general form of the structure of the sympathetic trunk. They constantly contain myelinated fibres coming not only from the thoracic part of the spinal cord but also from its jugular part. Their pathway is the more complex and diversive the more distributed are ganglionic masses of the sympathetic trunk. It goes from segments C4--C5 in the scattered form of the sympathetic trunk structure and from segments C6--C7--C8 in the concentrated form.