Trends in Cannabis Involvement and Risk of Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in the United States, 2000‒2018.

Objectives. To assess cannabis and alcohol involvement among motor vehicle crash (MVC) fatalities in the United States. Methods. In this repeated cross-sectional analysis, we used data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System from 2000 to 2018. Fatalities were cannabis-involved if an involved driver tested positive for a cannabinoid and alcohol-involved based on the highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of an involved driver. Multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed cannabis as a risk factor for alcohol by BAC level. Results. While trends in fatalities involving alcohol have remained stable, the percentage of fatalities involving cannabis and cannabis and alcohol increased from 9.0% in 2000 to 21.5% in 2018, and 4.8% in 2000 to 10.3% in 2018, respectively. In adjusted analyses, fatalities involving cannabis had 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 1.65), 1.62 (95% CI = 1.52, 1.72), and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.42, 1.50) times the odds of involving BACs of 0.01% to 0.049%, 0.05% to 0.079%, and 0.08% or higher, respectively. Conclusions. The percentage of fatalities involving cannabis and coinvolving cannabis and alcohol doubled from 2000 to 2018, and cannabis was associated with alcohol coinvolvement. Further research is warranted to understand cannabis- and alcohol-involved MVC fatalities. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):1976-1985. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306466).

Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from the patient's bed to molecular mechanisms.

The introduction of anti-angiogenic drugs especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was a breakthrough in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although TKIs have significantly improved outcome in patients with metastatic disease, the majority still develop resistance over time. Because different combinations and sequences of TKIs are tested in clinical trials, resistance patterns and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon should be thoroughly investigated. From a clinical point of view, resistance occurs either as a primary phenomenon (intrinsic) or as a secondary phenomenon related to various escape/evasive mechanisms that the tumor develops in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition. Intrinsic resistance is less common, and related to the primary redundancy of available angiogenic signals from the tumor, causing unresponsiveness to VEGF-targeted therapies. Acquired resistance in tumors is associated with activation of an angiogenic switch which leads to either upregulation of the existing VEGF pathway or recruitment of alternative factors responsible for tumor revascularization. Multiple mechanisms can be involved in different tumor settings that contribute both to evasive and intrinsic resistance, and current endeavor aims to identify these processes and assess their importance in clinical settings and design of pharmacological strategies that lead to enduring anti-angiogenic therapies.

[Pseudoaneurysma as iatrogenic complication of renal biopsy: management by transcatheter embolization]. / Tetniak rzekomy jako powiklanie biopsji nerki: zaopatrzenie metoda embolizacji.

Renal arterial hemorrhage following percutaneous procedures is a rare but severe complication. Hyper-selective renal artery embolization is the first-choice treatment option. We present a case of massive hematuria due to renal pseudoaneurysm developing after biopsy that was managed with transcatheter embolization with coils.

[Embolization as a treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula following partial nephrectomy]. / Embolizacja jako metoda leczenia przetoki tetniczo-zylnej powstalej po klinowej resekcji nerki.

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) of the kidney are rare. They may be acquired, idiopathic or arise of congenital arteriovenous malformation. Acquired renal AVF is mostly iatrogenic. We report a case of renal AVF following a partial nephrectomy, which was treated by endovascular coiling.

Correction: MTSS1 and SCAMP1 cooperate to prevent invasion in breast cancer.

The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following: "This study was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 641549, Immutrain." The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.

Identification and Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells Using NANOG-EGFP Reporter System.

Cancer stem Cells or Cancer Stem-like Cells are thought to be associated with chemoresistance and recurrence in cancer patients following chemotherapy. Developing a method to study these malignant populations is the key to successful development of drug or immunotherapeutic assays. Here, we present a method of identification, isolation of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells (PCSCs) from the DU145 prostate cancer cell line using the NANOG-GFP expression system.

MTSS1 and SCAMP1 cooperate to prevent invasion in breast cancer.

Cell-cell adhesions constitute the structural "glue" that retains cells together and contributes to tissue organisation and physiological function. The integrity of these structures is regulated by extracellular and intracellular signals and pathways that act on the functional units of cell adhesion such as the cell adhesion molecules/adhesion receptors, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the cytoplasmic plaque/peripheral membrane proteins. In advanced cancer, these regulatory pathways are dysregulated and lead to cell-cell adhesion disassembly, increased invasion and metastasis. The Metastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1) plays a key role in the maintenance of cell-cell adhesions and its loss correlates with tumour progression in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanisms that regulate its function are not well-known. Using a system biology approach, we unravelled potential interacting partners of MTSS1. We found that the secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 (SCAMP1), a molecule involved in post-Golgi recycling pathways and in endosome cell membrane recycling, enhances Mtss1 anti-invasive function in HER2+/ER-/PR- breast cancer, by promoting its protein trafficking leading to elevated levels of RAC1-GTP and increased cell-cell adhesions. This was clinically tested in HER2 breast cancer tissue and shown that loss of MTSS1 and SCAMP1 correlates with reduced disease-specific survival. In summary, we provide evidence of the cooperative roles of MTSS1 and SCAMP1 in preventing HER2+/ER-/PR- breast cancer invasion and we show that the loss of Mtss1 and Scamp1 results in a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype.

Determining length of breastfeeding exclusivity: validity of maternal report 2 years after birth.

BACKGROUND: Infant feeding data are often collected retrospectively through maternal report. Validation studies show that maternal report of initiation and duration of any breastfeeding is accurate but that report of duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be less accurate. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare infant feeding data collected longitudinally throughout the first 6 months of life with maternal report of duration of exclusive breastfeeding collected 2 years postpartum. METHODS: Infant feeding data were collected prospectively throughout the first 6 months of life from medical records and maternal report, including maternal 24-hour recall. At 2 years postpartum, we asked mothers of these same infants how long they exclusively breastfed their infants. Their responses were compared to the prospectively collected data. Simple and multiple linear regressions tested for any significant predictors of the difference between the prospectively collected data and maternal report at 2 years. RESULTS: Of the 292 mothers included in the final analysis, only 88 (30.1%) mothers reported a duration of exclusive breastfeeding at 2 years postpartum that matched the prospectively collected data. Sixty-four women reported exclusively breastfeeding for the recommended 6 months (21.9%), but according to the prospectively collected data, only 2 women (0.7%) breastfed exclusively through 6 months. The median difference between the prospectively collected data and maternal report at 2 years was 1 month (IQR, 0-4). CONCLUSION: In this sample of mothers, report of exclusive breastfeeding practices 2 years after birth was often inaccurate and mothers tended to overestimate duration.

Introducing solid foods: validity of report among mothers who do not adhere to recommended US guidelines.

BACKGROUND: Introducing solids foods to infants before 6 months has been associated with adverse long-term health outcomes. Studies and surveys frequently use maternal report to identify the age when infants start solid foods. OBJECTIVE: To address the accuracy of maternal report at 1 year postpartum regarding introduction of solid foods. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2009, the authors enrolled mothers of healthy term singletons at an urban Boston hospital within 72 hours of giving birth. We called mothers monthly for 6 months and asked if they had given their baby solid foods in the previous month. At 1 year, we contacted mothers again and asked when they first gave solid foods; answers at 1 year were compared with the data collected monthly. RESULTS: The authors analyzed data on 157 women, all of whom had, according to monthly responses, started solid foods before 6 months. At 1 year, only 14% (22/157) of reports matched data recorded monthly. Although 100% of women introduced solids before 6 months, at 1 year, 41.4% reported starting solids at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Among women who started feeding solids before 6 months, most did not give an accurate response at 1 year. Most said they started giving solids later than they did. Maternal report may not be the best way to collect such data, and health outcomes based on such data may be biased toward the null.