ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess high order and spherical aberrations results of hydrophobic acrylic AMO Sensar AR40E and hydrophobic acrylic Alcon AcrySof SA60AT intraocular lenses after implantation in cases with bilateral cataract. METHODS: Cases diagnosed as bilateral cataract were included in the study and preoperative aberration measurements were recorded by using Nidek OPD SCAN-ARK 1000. Groups were created by implanting AMO Sensar AR40E to one eye of the patients, while Alcon AcrySof SA60AT into the other in a prospective and randomized manner. Aberration measurements were recorded after one and two months of surgery. RESULTS: Overall, 40 eyes in 20 patients (11 women and 9 men) were included in the study. All patients underwent bilateral phacoemulsification surgery due to cataract. There were 20 eyes in both groups. Mean age was 62.4 (range: 31-82) years. There was no significant difference in aberrations recorded before surgery and one and two months after surgery in both groups. (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference among spherical intraocular lenses used in this study.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study is to determine the potential environmental impact of storage and filling the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with sulfur-containing (ethyl mercaptan) and sulfur-free (Greenodor) odorants by comparative life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA was carried out within the scope of ISO 14040 and 14044 Standards in a facility that stores and fills LPG and potential environmental impact was calculated for eleven different impact categories. According to the characterization results, it was determined that the overseas transportation process had the highest impact among all impact categories. Because environmental impact was suppressed by other processes in characterization results due to the very low inclusion of the odorants in LPG, the percentage contribution of consumption of both odorants was compared and it was revealed that Greenodor had a lower environmental impact in all mid-point impact categories. For both tanker and cylinder filling, the impact category with the highest difference was photochemical oxidation with a rate of 79 %. The lowest difference was found in the global warming impact category with 18 % for tanker filling and 19 % for cylinder filling. Considering uncertainty analysis results for LPG tanker filling, Greenodor preceded ethyl mercaptan for all mid-point categories. However, in terms of LPG cylinder filling, there was no significant difference between two odorants.
Subject(s)
Odorants , Petroleum , Animals , Sulfhydryl Compounds , Life Cycle StagesABSTRACT
DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications influencing the regulation of gene expression. The opium poppy is an important medicinal plant. Its latex contains opium, which is a rich source of pharmaceutical benzyisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA). Here, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) profiling technique using 21 MSAP molecular markers was applied in order to compare levels of DNA methylation between 6 opium poppy varieties. MSAP profiling reflected the different methylation statuses among opium poppy varieties having divergent BIA content. Moreover, different organ-specific epigenetic profiles were observed between the samples. Differential epigenetic profiles of capsules and shoots from the leaves pointed to the impact of methylation on BIA biosynthesis. The data implied that the different DNA methylation status may have important biological significance, in the case of alkaloid content in opium poppy in particular.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate compatibility of spectacles with their prescriptions. METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively between October 2007 and March 2009. A total of 1002 spectacles of 1002 individuals were included in the study. First right and then left lenses of the spectacles were measured with a Topcon CL-200 digital lensmeter. Interpupillary distance (PD) of the subjects was measured. Spherical, cylindrical, and axial differences between the prescription and the spectacles were separately calculated for the left and right lenses. Prismatic effect (PE) of the lenses, with decentralized focus according to the pupil, its base direction, and amount of decentralization, were measured. RESULTS: A total of 505 (50.4%) of the subjects were female and 497 (49.6%) were male. The mean age was 37.0 (range 3-81). The mean PD of the subjects was 59.9 ± 4.09 mm, and mean optical center distance (OCD) of the lenses was 65.6 ± 4.07 mm. The difference between PD and OCD was significant (p < 0.001). While the right spherical, cylindrical, and axial differences and left spherical, cylindrical, and axial differences between the prescription and the spectacles were not significant, the left axial difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The decentralization direction was towards the lower temporal with a percentage of 76.8% on the right and 80.3% on the left lenses. The mean amount of the decentralization was 4.37 ± 2.39 mm on the right and 4.63 ± 2.36 mm on the left. CONCLUSION: Dioptric error in the spectacles was quite low. However, there may be a small amount of axis deviation at the time of mounting the lens to the frame. We conclude that asthenopic complaints due to PE caused by the decentralization of the optic center of the lenses are quite important. Examination of the spectacles after they are prepared can be deemed as a solution to reduce asthenopic complaints due to improper spectacles.