[Giant cell arteritis of the vertebrobasilar system, posterior ischemia and palsy of the third nerve. Report of one case]. / Arteritis de células gigantes en el sistema vertebrobasilar, isquemias cerebelo-occipitales y parálisis III par. Caso clínico.

Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis in patients aged over 50 years. We report an 89-year-old woman with significant weight loss and persistent frontal-occipital headaches lasting two months. The neurological examination at admission identified a decrease in visual acuity of the left eye, paralysis of the third cranial nerve of the right eye and alterations of body motility without objective signs of damage of the motor or sensitive pathways. Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes of the temporal artery wall and in both vertebral arteries, as well as bilateral cerebellar and occipital ischemic lesions. The Doppler ultrasound of the temporal arteries was compatible with Giant cell arteritis. Treatment with steroids was started. While receiving oral prednisone, the patient suffered new infarcts of the posterior territory, documented with a CAT scan.

Effects of ultraviolet light on biogenic amines and other quality indicators of chicken meat during refrigerated storage.

Radiation from UV-C has been demonstrated as a potential surface decontamination method in addition to several advantages over regular sanitation methods. However, UV-C radiation possibly affects the physicochemical properties of meat products. To determine the optimum exposure time for bacterial reduction, 39 chicken breasts, inoculated with a pool of Salmonella spp., were submitted to 3 levels of UV-C intensities (0.62, 1.13, and 1.95 mW/cm²) for up to 120 s. After the optimum exposure time of 90 s was determined, changes in the biogenic amines, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lipid oxidation, pH, and instrumental color were evaluated in 84 chicken breasts that were irradiated (0.62, 1.13, and 1.95 mW/cm²) and stored at 4°C for 9 d. The groups treated with UV-C radiation exhibited an increase in tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine contents (P < 0.05). The highest UV-C intensity (1.95 mW/cm²) promoted a decrease in the initial bacterial load, and extended the lag phase and the shelf life. The groups irradiated with 1.13 and 1.95 mW/cm² exhibited a more stable b* value than the other groups; similar trends for L*, a*, pH, and TBA reactive substance values were observed among all groups. The UV-C light was demonstrated to be an efficient alternative technology to improve the bacteriological quality of chicken meat without negatively affecting the physical and chemical parameters of chicken breast meat. Nonetheless, the increases on the biogenic amines content should be considered as an effect of the UV processing and not as an indicator of bacterial growth.

SPATIAL VARIATION IN HELMINTH PARASITE COMMUNITIES OF THE FRENCH GRUNT, HAEMULON FLAVOLINEATUM (TELEOSTEI: HAEMULIDAE), FROM THE YUCATAN PENINSULA.

The French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, is an abundant fish and a good model for studying parasite communities. Specimens were collected at 4 localities between the Campeche Bank (within the Gulf of Mexico) and the Mexican Caribbean Sea to describe and compare the differences and similarities between localities and regions in the communities of parasitic helminths. Thus, we calculated the Hill numbers associated with species richness (q = 0) and the dominance estimator (q = 2) using rarefaction and extrapolation curves to provide asymptotic estimators of diversity. A 2-way PERMANOVA was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in parasite assemblage structure between localities or regions. A total of 11 helminth taxa (species level) were recorded in 104 individuals of H. flavolineatum, consisting of 8 digenean trematodes species, 2 acanthocephalan species, and 1 nematode species. Our findings include new reports of 7 parasite taxa and new geographical records for some parasites in H. flavolineatum. The highest dissimilarities in parasite composition were observed between the most distant locations (Banco Chinchorro vs. Cayo Arcas) that were each located in different regions. Species richness was similar between regions, although the most dominant helminths were Postmonorchis orthopristis and Dollfustrema sp. in the Mexican Caribbean and Campeche Bank regions, respectively. Future studies should explore how patterns in parasite community structure are affected by currents running south to north by the Yucatan Current through the Yucatan Channel and easterly to Campeche Bank.

Micro-organisms behind the pollination scenes: microbial imprint on floral nectar sugar variation in a tropical plant community.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Variation in the composition of floral nectar reflects intrinsic plant characteristics as well as the action of extrinsic factors. Micro-organisms, particularly yeasts, represent one extrinsic factor that inhabit the nectar of animal-pollinated flowers worldwide. In this study a 'microbial imprint hypothesis' is formulated and tested, in which it is proposed that natural community-wide variation in nectar sugar composition will partly depend on the presence of yeasts in flowers. METHODS: Occurrence and density of yeasts were studied microscopically in single-flower nectar samples of 22 animal-pollinated species from coastal xeric and sub-humid tropical habitats of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Nectar sugar concentration and composition were concurrently determined on the same samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. KEY RESULTS: Microscopical examination of nectar samples revealed the presence of yeasts in nearly all plant species (21 out of 22 species) and in about half of the samples examined (51·8 % of total, all species combined). Plant species and individuals differed significantly in nectar sugar concentration and composition, and also in the incidence of nectar yeasts. After statistically controlling for differences between plant species and individuals, nectar yeasts still accounted for a significant fraction of community-wide variance in all nectar sugar parameters considered. Significant yeast × species interactions on sugar parameters revealed that plant species differed in the nectar sugar correlates of variation in yeast incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that nectar yeasts impose a detectable imprint on community-wide variation in nectar sugar composition and concentration. Since nectar sugar features influence pollinator attraction and plant reproduction, future nectar studies should control for yeast presence and examine the extent to which microbial signatures on nectar characteristics ultimately have some influence on pollination services in plant communities.

Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 causes severe large-vessel arteritis in mice lacking interferon-gamma responsiveness: a new model for virus-induced vascular disease.

Fundamental issues remain unresolved regarding the possible contribution of viruses to vascular pathology, as well as the role of the immune system in regulating these processes. Here we demonstrate that infection of mice with gamma-herpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) provides a novel model for addressing these issues. Interferon-gamma receptor-deficient (IFNgammaR-/-) mice died weeks to months after gammaHV68 infection from a severe large-vessel panarteritis. GammaHV68-infected B cell-deficient and normal weanling mice exhibited milder large-vessel arteritis. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated gammaHV68 antigen in arteritic lesions and revealed a striking tropism of gammaHV68 for smooth muscle cells. These studies demonstrate that IFN-gamma is essential for control of chronic vascular pathology induced by gammaHV68 and suggest gamma-herpesviruses as candidate etiologic agents for human vasculitis.

Fusarium cerealis causing Fusarium head blight of durum wheat and its associated mycotoxins.

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a very important fungal disease that affects small grain cereals worldwide. This disease not only causes yield loses but also crops contamination with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex have been described as the main causal agents of this disease, however lately there have been few reports of Fusarium cerealis causing the disease in wheat and barley in different parts of the world. This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and also mycotoxin production in planta. Moreover, the mycotoxin profile of F. cerealis strains was characterized molecularly and chemically. All durum wheat cultivars showed typical FHB symptoms but the disease severity varied among them in levels up to 66%. In addition, seventeen different compounds were detected in the infected heads including DON, NIV and nivalenol-3-ß-d-glucose (NIV3G). NIV was detected in all cultivars and was the most produced mycotoxin with levels ranging from 1.04 to 6.8 mg/kg. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of F. cerealis strains showed that all of them possessed NIV genotype while the chemical assessment showed that the strains were able to produce not only this toxin in vitro but also DON, zearalenone and other twenty-one secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the possible contamination of crops with the mycotoxins that it produces are of great concern for food security and world cereal trade since it has been reported that NIV is more toxic for humans and animals than DON.

Interferon gamma regulates acute and latent murine cytomegalovirus infection and chronic disease of the great vessels.

To define immune mechanisms that regulate chronic and latent herpesvirus infection, we analyzed the role of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Lethality studies demonstrated a net protective role for IFN-gamma, independent of IFN-alpha/beta, during acute MCMV infection. Mice lacking the IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR-/-) developed and maintained striking chronic aortic inflammation. Arteritis was associated with inclusion bodies and MCMV antigen in the aortic media. To understand how lack of IFN-gamma responses could lead to chronic vascular disease, we evaluated the role of IFN-gamma in MCMV latency. MCMV-infected IFN-gammaR-/- mice shed preformed infectious MCMV in spleen, peritoneal exudate cells, and salivary gland for up to 6 mo after infection, whereas the majority of congenic control animals cleared chronic productive infection. However, the IFN-gammaR was not required for establishment of latency. Using an in vitro explant reactivation model, we showed that IFN-gamma reversibly inhibited MCMV reactivation from latency. This was at least partly explained by IFN-gamma- mediated blockade of growth of low levels of MCMV in tissue explants. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that IFN-gamma regulation of reactivation from latency contributes to control of chronic vascular disease caused by MCMV. These studies are the first to demonstrate that a component of the immune system (IFN-gamma) is necessary to regulate MCMV-associated elastic arteritis and latency in vivo and reactivation of a herpesvirus from latency in vitro. This provides a new model for analysis of the interrelationships among herpesvirus latency, the immune system, and chronic disease of the great vessels.

Entamoeba histolytica: expression and localization of Gal/GalNAc lectin in virulent and non-virulent variants from HM1:IMSS strain.

We have purified Gal/GalNAc lectin from Entamoeba histolytica by electroelution. The purified protein was used to immunize rabbits and obtain polyclonal IgG's anti-lectin. These antibodies were used as tools to analyze the expression and localization of the amoebic lectin in both virulent (vEh) and non-virulent (nvEh) variants of axenically cultured HM1:IMSS strain. vEh is able to induce liver abscesses in hamsters, whereas nvEh has lost this ability. In vitro, amoebic trophozoites from both variants equally express this protein as shown by densitometric analysis of the corresponding band in Western blots from lysates. In both types of trophozoites, the pattern of distribution of the lectin was mainly on the surface. We have also compared by immunohistochemistry the presence and distribution of lectin in the in vivo liver lesions produced in hamsters. In order to prolong the survival of nvEh to analyze both variants in an in vivo model, hamsters inoculated with nvEh were treated with methyl prednisolone. Our results suggest that the Gal/GalNAc lectin is equally expressed in both nvEh and vEh.

Relationship between the weights of seed beetles of the genus Megacerus Fåhraeus, 1839 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and their host seeds of the family Convolvulaceae.

We studied seeds from a set of plant species from the Convolvulaceae family. Seeds collected from natural populations and infested with beetles of genus Megacerus were monitored until the beetle emergence. We analyze the relationship between body weight of beetles and seed weight of host plants, and its connection with between-species differences and sexual dimorphism. The results show that differences in the scaling of body weight of beetles are associated with sexual dimorphism. For the same species of beetle, the females tend to have heavier bodies than the males. Differences between host plants species in the weight of seeds are related to differences in the body weight Megacerus species, resulting in a distinctive pattern of seed infestation across hosts. Small-sized (lighter) species of beetles tended to infest small-sized (lighter) seed species and, correspondingly, heavier beetles species tended to do it in heavier seed species. Mechanisms of female oviposition preferences may be involved to generate that pattern. In general, the beetle weight showed an asymptotic relation with the host seed weight. The greater the weight of the seed, the greater the weight of adult beetle was. However, the proportion in weights reaches an asymptotic value probably because beetles reached the maximum possible weight for their species. We conclude that the process of specialization in the seed-beetle assemblage studied is influenced by intrinsic traits of the species involved in the interaction (beetles and seeds) and by differences between sexes in their sexual-allocation paths.

IFN-gamma action in the media of the great elastic arteries, a novel immunoprivileged site.

Infection of medial smooth muscle cells with gamma-herpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) causes severe chronic vasculitis that is restricted to the great elastic arteries. We show here that persistence of disease in the great elastic arteries is (a) due to inefficient clearance of viral infection from this site compared with other organs or other vascular sites, and (b) associated with failure of T cells and macrophages to enter the virus-infected elastic media. These findings demonstrate immunoprivilege of the media of the great elastic arteries. We found that IFN-gamma acted on somatic cells during acute infection to prevent the establishment of medial infection and on hematopoietic cells to determine the severity of disease in this site. The immunoprivileged elastic media may provide a site for persistence of pathogens or self antigens leading to chronic vascular disease, a process regulated by IFN-gamma actions on both somatic and hematopoietic cells. These concepts have significant implications for understanding immune responses contributing to or controlling chronic inflammatory diseases of the great vessels.

Color stability and lipid oxidation of broiler breast meat from animals raised on organic versus non-organic production systems.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of organic and non-organic production systems on color stability and lipid oxidation of broiler meat Pectoralis major (PM) stored under refrigeration (4°C) for 9 days. PM samples from organic (ORG) and non-organic (NORG) production systems were compared based on physicochemical analyses (instrumental color, myoglobin concentration, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), pH, and lipid oxidation) performed in 4 different trials (n = 4). In general, NORG broilers demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) b* and lipid oxidation values than ORG, whereas ORG samples exhibited increased (P < 0.05) MRA, ratio of reflectance at 630 per 580 nanometers (R 630/580), and a* values. The lower color stability observed in NORG samples can be partly due to lipid oxidation. Therefore, the production system can affect color and lipid stability of broiler breast meat during storage.

Molecular dynamics simulations of T-2410 and T-2429 HIV fusion inhibitors interacting with model membranes: Insight into peptide behavior, structure and dynamics.

T-2410 and T-2429 are HIV fusion inhibitor peptides (FI) designed to present a higher efficiency even against HIV strains that developed resistance against other FIs. Similar peptides were shown to interact with model membranes both in the liquid disordered phase and in the liquid ordered state. Those results indicated that such interaction is important to function and could be correlated with their effectiveness. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the interactions between both T-2410 and T-2429 with bilayers of pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and a mixture of POPC/cholesterol (Chol) (1:1). It was observed that both peptides interact strongly with both membrane systems, especially with the POPC/Chol systems, where these peptides show the highest number of H-bonds observed so far. T-2410 and T-2429 showed higher extent of interaction with bilayers when compared to T-20 or T-1249 in previous studies. This is most notable in POPC/Chol membranes where, although able to form H-bonds with Chol, they do so to a lesser extent than T-1249 does, the latter being the only FI peptide so far that was observed to form H-bonds with Chol. This behavior suggests that interaction of FI peptides with rigid Chol rich membranes may not be as dependent from peptide/Chol H-bond formation as previous results of T-1249 behavior led to believe. As in other similar peptides, the higher ability to interact with membranes shown by T-2410 and T2429 is probably correlated with its higher inhibitory efficiency.

Treatment of colorectal liver metastases by adenoviral transfer of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 into the liver tissue.

Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Here, we describe a novel gene therapeutic strategy for prevention of metastatic spread by providing a suitable defense mechanism for the target organ. The production of metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes by cancer cells is critical for local invasion and for infiltration of metastatic cells into distant sites. Using a nude mouse model of colorectal liver metastasis, we have overexpressed the MMP inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) in the liver prior to, or following, tumor challenge by metastatic LS174T cells in vivo. Transduction of approximately 50% of hepatocytes resulted in 95% reduction in metastasis after tumor challenge compared with controls. Furthermore, TIMP-2 gene transfer into livers with preexisting metastatic spread resulted in a 77% reduction in tumor cell growth. Our data imply that MMP activity of metastatic cancer cells is required for spread and subsequent tumor growth and that enhancing antiproteolytic defense mechanisms in target organs represents a novel form of cancer gene therapy.

RNA sequencing reveals region-specific molecular mechanisms associated with epileptogenesis in a model of classical hippocampal sclerosis.

We report here the first complete transcriptome analysis of the dorsal (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of a rat epilepsy model presenting a hippocampal lesion with a strict resemblance to classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We collected the dDG and vDG by laser microdissection 15 days after electrical stimulation and performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing. There were many differentially regulated genes, some of which were specific to either of the two sub-regions in stimulated animals. Gene ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammation-related processes in both sub-regions and of axonal guidance and calcium signaling processes exclusively in the vDG. There was also a differential regulation of genes encoding molecules involved in synaptic function, neural electrical activity and neuropeptides in stimulated rats. The data presented here suggests, in the time point analyzed, a remarkable interaction among several molecular components which takes place in the damaged hippocampi. Furthermore, even though similar mechanisms may function in different regions of the DG, the molecular components involved seem to be region specific.

Adenosine A(2A) receptors in portal hypertension: their role in the abnormal response to adenosine of the cranial mesenteric artery in rabbits.

1. Adenosine is a regulator of mesenteric vasodilation involved in auto-regulation and post-prandial hyperemia, but the adenosine receptor subtype involved in this relaxant effect is poorly characterized. We have now pharmacologically characterized this receptor in rabbit mesenteric arteries and investigated how this adenosine receptor response changes in portal hypertensive animals since the adenosine response is decreased. 2. The closest non-metabolisable adenosine analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO), the mixed A(1)/A(2) receptor agonist, 5'-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), and the selective A(2A) receptor agonist, 2-[4-(2-p-carbonyethyl)phenylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) (1 pM -- 1 mM) relaxed noradrenaline pre-contracted arteries with a rank order of potency of CGS 21680 (EC(50)=20 nM) > or = NECA (60 nM)>>CADO (640 nM). 3. The selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-[1,2,4]-triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]-triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM 241385, 100 nM), shifted to the right the CADO concentration-response curve. 4. In portal hypertensive animals, there was mainly a decreased potency but also a decreased efficacy of all tested adenosine agonists compared to normal animals. Concomitantly, there was a decreased adenosine plasma level and a decreased binding density of [(3)H]-CGS 21680 and [(3)H]-ZM 241385 to mesenteric artery membranes from portal hypertensive compared to normal rabbits. 5. These results indicate that A(2A) receptor activation is required for the adenosine-induced mesenteric relaxation and that the decreased density of A(2A) receptors may contribute to the decreased relaxation induced by adenosine of mesenteric arteries in portal hypertensive animals.

Effect of the somatostatin analog octreotide on gastric mucosal function and histology during 3 months of preoperative treatment in patients with acromegaly.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of the somatostatin analog octreotide on gastric mucosal function and histology during short-term (3 months) preoperative treatment in patients with acromegaly. DESIGN: Open design clinical study. METHODS: 10 patients were studied before treatment with octreotide (pre-tx), on day 1 of 300 microg octreotide/day (d300), after 1 week on 300 (w300), 600 (w600) or 1500 (wl500) microg octreotide/day, and after an additional 2.5 months on 1500 microg octreotide/day (M3). An 8h gastrin profile was obtained and ambulatory intragastric 23h pH-metry carried out at the indicated time points. Gastroscopy was performed at pre-tx and M3 and multiple mucosal biopsy specimens taken. RESULTS: The mean serum gastrin concentration at first declined during octreotide therapy to a nadir at w1500, then recovered despite ongoing therapy (probably in response to reduced gastric acidity) and was similar to pre-tx values at M3 (mean+/-S.E.: 87+/-26, 50+/-11 and 98+/-46ng/l for pre-tx, w1500 and M3 respectively; P<0.05, pre-tx vs w1500). Gastric acidity had also declined at d300(P<0.05, d300 vs pre-tx), then recovered (despite the increase in the octreotide dose), but declined again at M3 (mean pH (95% confidence interval): 2.4 (1.7-3.2), 3.3 (2.4-4.3), 2.6 (1.8-:3.5, n=8) and 2.9 (1.6-4.2, n=7) at pre-tx, d300, w1500 and M3 respectively). The gastrin concentration at M3, although similar to pre-tx values, remained inadequately low for the reduced gastric acidity. The reduction in gastric acidity was marked during the daytime (0900-2200 h; P<0.01, d300 vs pre-tx and P=0.028, M3 vs pre-tx). However, while the stimulated postprandial gastric acid secretion was reduced at d300 (P<0.01, d300 vs pre-tx) and at M3 (n=7; P=0.027, M3 vs pre-tx), fasting and preprandial acidity was not affected. During the night, gastric acidity was reduced from 2200 to 0300 h, but the reduction was less marked than during the daytime. Paradoxically, the physiological intermittent late nocturnal reduction in acidity ('pH peaks' (0300-0800 h)) was abolished rather than enhanced. No patient acquired new Helicobacter pylori infection. The mean gastritis scores for antrum and body (n=8, Sidney classification) increased marginally from 1.7 to 1.9 (chronicity) and from 0.7 to 0.9 (atrophy), while the activity score was slightly reduced from 1.2 to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: Three months of preoperative octreotide treatment profoundly and persistently altered gastric mucosal function (gastrin suppression, reduced acidity), but caused only minor variations in the pre-existing gastritis scores.

Lung cancer and pleural effusion. Clinical significance and study of pleural metastatic locations.

We reviewed results of 78 diagnostic thoracoscopic examinations of patients with lung cancer and homolateral pleural effusion. The study stresses the main locations of pleural metastasis in cases of lung cancer and correlates these data with the pleural spread from extrathoracic primary neoplasms. Also pointed out is the operability of the present series and the different behavior in pleural metastatic spread according to the histologic type with correlation between gross appearance of the effusion and the cytology.

Points to consider when choosing a biopsy method in cases of pleurisy of unknown origin.

Blind pleural needle biopsy and diagnostic thoracoscopy are procedures sometimes used in the work-up of a patient with pleural effusion of unknown origin. We reviewed 203 diagnostic thoracoscopies in patients with malignant pleural effusion to show the different location of pleural metastasis, some out of the reach of blind needle biopsy. Based on these data, we find diagnostic thoracoscopy a superior procedure because of its higher reliability, faster diagnostic results, slight or no complications, and the possibility of carrying out pleurodesis in the same examination.

Preresectional chemotherapy in stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer: a 7-year assessment of a randomized controlled trial.

In 1989, we began a multicenter study to evaluate the potential benefit of preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and mitomycin over surgery alone in CT-visible N2 non-small-cell lung cancer. We present here a 7-year assessment of this randomized trial. Sixty patients were randomized to receive either surgery alone or three cycles of mitomycin 6 mg/m2, ifosfamide 3 g/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2, given intravenously on day 1 of each cycle at 3-week intervals and followed by surgery. All patients received thoracic irradiation after surgery. The resected tumors were evaluated for the presence of K-ras gene point mutations. Treatment arms were well-balanced in characteristics such as gender, age, histology, and tumor size. Mediastinoscopy and/or mediastinotomy (Chamberlain procedure) with a biopsy was performed in all patients with N2 stage detected by CT scan of the chest (83% of the patients in the preresectional chemotherapy arm and 63% of those in the surgery arm). In eight of the 25 patients (32%) who had mediastinoscopy in the preresectional chemotherapy arm, the initially positive mediastinal lymph nodes were downstaged. For the 30 patients who received preresectional chemotherapy, overall median survival was 22 months (95% CI, 13.4 30.6). Of the 30 patients who received surgery alone, overall median survival was 10 months (95% CI, 7.4-12.6; P = 0.005 by the log rank test). Updated survival data reveals a plateau in the preresectional chemotherapy group, and this still significant long-term survival benefit prompts us to hypothesize that even with short-term preresectional chemotherapy, the natural history of still resectable CT-visible N2 non-small cell lung cancer is favorably altered. The results of our study mirror the long-term survival recently reported in the MD Anderson randomized study.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and chronic graft-versus-host disease in a child after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We report an 8-year-old boy who developed cough and respiratory failure 7 months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) coinciding with the onset of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Lung function data, imaging studies, lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage were consistent with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. While this has been reported in association with chronic graft-versus-host disease in one adult case previously, we report the simultaneous occurrence of BOOP and chronic GVHD in a child after bone marrow transplantation for the first time.