ABSTRACT
This case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment of an ectopic horizontally placed maxillary right central incisor with severe root dilaceration. The root was distally angulated and entrapped by the root of the maxillary right lateral incisor. The initial force system was aimed at an occlusal displacement and applied to the crown. During the second phase, a button was cemented onto the apex of the impacted tooth. A force from the apex to a temporary anchorage device in the palate moved the root toward the midline. Finally, a root canal and an apectomy were performed and the central incisor could be moved to its ideal position. The treatment generated a normal height of the alveolar bone and an ideal occlusion with a healthy periodontium.
Subject(s)
Incisor/surgery , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Tooth Root/surgery , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , Tooth, Impacted/therapy , Biomechanical Phenomena , Child , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Dental Pulp Cavity , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/therapy , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/surgery , Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed , Orthodontic Extrusion/methods , Patient Care Planning , Root Canal Therapy , Tooth Crown , Tooth, Impacted/diagnostic imaging , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We sought to identify certain clinical characteristics associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients acutely infected with Influenza A. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of inpatients with acute Influenza A infection comparing a poor outcome group (POG; n=27), defined as patients who died and/or developed respiratory failure or shock, with a usual outcome group (UOG; n=105). RESULTS: Compared with the UOG, the POG had a significantly greater percentage of patients with: a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (41% vs 20%), coronary artery disease (63% vs 38%), congestive heart failure (44% vs 23%), transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke (44% vs 21%), chronic renal insufficiency (22% vs 8%) and dialysis (11% vs 1%). Shortness of breath as a chief complaint (74% vs 44%), lower initial oxygen saturations (0.86 vs 0.92), as well as higher mean respiratory rates (28/minute vs 22/minute) occurred more frequently in the POG. The POG also had a greater frequency of CHF/ vascular congestion (26% vs 8%), and interstitial involvement (22% vs 6%) on admission chest roentgenogram. Independent predictors of poor outcome identified by multivariate analysis included low oxygen saturation on admission, history of TIA or stroke, and history of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of certain comorbidities as well as clinical and radiographic evidence of respiratory compromise on admission may be helpful in identifying high-risk patients acutely infected with Influenza A.