Monolithic Titanium Alkoxide Networks for Lithium-Ion Conductive All-Solid-State Electrolytes.

Reticular chemistry provides opportunities to design solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with modular tunability. However, SSEs based on modularly designed crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often require liquid electrolytes for interfacial contact. Monolithic glassy MOFs can have liquid processability and uniform lithium conduction, which is promising for the reticular design of SSE without liquid electrolytes. Here, we develop a generalizable strategy for the modular design of noncrystalline SSEs based on a bottom-up synthesis of glassy MOFs. We demonstrate such a strategy by linking polyethylene glycol (PEG) struts and nanosized titanium-oxo clusters into network structures termed titanium alkoxide networks (TANs). The modular design allows the incorporation of PEG linkers with different molecular weights, which give optimal chain flexibility for high ionic conductivity, and the reticular coordinative network provides a controlled degree of cross-linking that gives adequate mechanical strength. This research shows the power of reticular design in noncrystalline molecular framework materials for SSEs.

Improving Accuracy of Real-Time Positioning and Path Tracking by Using an Error Compensation Algorithm against Walking Modes.

Wide-range application scenarios, such as industrial, medical, rescue, etc., are in various demand for human spatial positioning technology. However, the existing MEMS-based sensor positioning methods have many problems, such as large accuracy errors, poor real-time performance and a single scene. We focused on improving the accuracy of IMU-based both feet localization and path tracing, and analyzed three traditional methods. In this paper, a planar spatial human positioning method based on high-resolution pressure insoles and IMU sensors was improved, and a real-time position compensation method for walking modes was proposed. To validate the improved method, we added two high-resolution pressure insoles to our self-developed motion capture system with a wireless sensor network (WSN) system consisting of 12 IMUs. By multi-sensor data fusion, we implemented dynamic recognition and automatic matching of compensation values for five walking modes, with real-time spatial-position calculation of the touchdown foot, enhancing the 3D accuracy of its practical positioning. Finally, we compared the proposed algorithm with three old methods by statistical analysis of multiple sets of experimental data. The experimental results show that this method has higher positioning accuracy in real-time indoor positioning and path-tracking tasks. The methodology can have more extensive and effective applications in the future.

Sewage sludge application stimulated soil N2O emissions with a low heavy metal pollution risk in Eucalyptus plantations.

Sewage sludge (SS) has been extensively used as an alternative fertilizer in forest plantations, which are beneficial in supplying timbers and mitigating climate change. However, whether the extra nitrogen (N) applied by SS would enhance the soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, an important greenhouse gas, in forest plantations have not been well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ecological effects of SS application on soils, by investigating the soil N2O emission and the toxicity of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil. A field fertilization experiment was conducted in Eucalyptus plantations with four fertilization rates (0 kg m-2, 1.5 kg m-2, 3.0 kg m-2, and 4.5 kg m-2). The soil N2O emissions were monitored at a soil depth of 0-10 cm using static chamber method, soil chemical properties, and PTEs were determined at soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. The average soil N2O emission rate was 8.1 µg N2O-N h-1 m-2 in plots without SS application (control). The application of SS significantly increased the soil N2O emissions by 7-10 times as to control. The increased N2O emissions were positively related to the soil total phosphorus and nitrogen and negatively correlated with copper and zinc, which increased with the SS application. However, the potential ecological risk index (Ei) and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) of PTEs were lower than 40 and 150 respectively, which indicating a low toxicity of PTEs to soil health. After seven months of SS application, the priming effects of SS on soil N2O emissions gradually diminished. These findings suggest that the application of SS may increase N2O emissions at the initial stages of application (<7 months) and may have a low PTEs pollution risk, even at a high SS addition rate (4.5 kg m-2).

Multi-stage Transformations of a Cluster-Based Metal-Organic Framework: Perturbing Crystals to Glass-Forming Liquids that Re-Crystallize at High Temperature.

Glassy and liquid state metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging type of materials subjected to intense research for their rich physical and chemical properties. In this report, we obtained the first glassy MOF that involves metal-carboxylate cluster building units via multi-stage structural transformations. This MOF is composed of linear [Mn3 (COO)6 ] node and flexible pyridyl-ethenylbenzoic linker. The crystalline MOF was first perturbed by vapor hydration and thermal dehydration to give an amorphous state, which can go through a glass transition at 505 K into a super-cooled liquid. The super-cooled liquid state is stable through a wide temperature range of 40 K and has the largest fragility index of 105, giving a broad processing window. Remarkably, the super-cooled liquid can not only be quenched into glass, but also recrystallize into the initial MOF when heated to a higher temperature above 558 K. The mechanism of the multi-stage structural transformations was studied by systematic characterizations of in situ X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, rheological, spectroscopic and pair-distribution function analysis. These multi-stage transformations not only represent a rare example of high temperature coordinative recognition and self-assembly, but also provide new MOF processing strategy through crystal-amorphous-liquid-crystal transformations.

Synergistic Stimulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stable Super-cooled Liquid and Quenched Glass.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are a fascinating new class of materials, yet their prosperity has been impeded by the scarcity of known examples and limited vitrification methods. In the work described in this report, we applied synergistic stimuli of vapor hydration and thermal dehydration to introduce structural disorders in interpenetrated dia-net MOF, which facilitate the formation of stable super-cooled liquid and quenched glass. The material after stimulus has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 560 K, far below the decomposition temperature of 695 K. When heated, the perturbed MOF enters a super-cooled liquid phase that is stable for a long period of time (>104 s), across a broad temperature range (26 K), and has a large fragility index of 83. Quenching the super-cooled liquid gives rise to porous MOF glass with maintained framework connectivity, confirmed by EXAFS and PDF analysis. This method provides a fundamentally new route to obtain glassy materials from MOFs that cannot be melted without causing decomposition.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is associated with different proton pump inhibitor use: a pharmacovigilance study.

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reported associations between the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and a variety of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) through analysis of the reports extracted from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: FAERS reports from January 2004 to March 2020 were used to conduct disproportionality and Bayesian analyses. The definition of SIADH relied on the preferred terms provided by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. The time to onset, mortality, and hospitalization rates of PPI-related SIADH were also investigated. RESULTS: The study identified a total of 273 reports of PPI-associated SIADH, which appeared to influence more elderly than middle-aged patients (71.1% vs. 12.5%). Women were more affected than men (48.7% vs. 41.8%). Rabeprazole had a stronger SIADH association than other PPIs based on the highest reporting odds ratio (reporting odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2, 24.9), proportional reporting ratio (proportional reporting ratio = 13.3, χ2 = 113.7), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (empirical Bayes geometric mean = 13.3, 95% CI = 7.9). The median time to SIADH onset was 22 (interquartile range 6-692) days after PPI administration. PPI-associated SIADH generally led to a 2.95% fatality rate and a 79.7% hospitalization rate. The highest hospitalization death rate occurred in esomeprazole (91.2%). CONCLUSION: According to our findings, more attention should be paid to SIADH within the first several months after the administration of PPIs. For women older than 65 years, dexlansoprazole may reduce the incidence of PPI-associated SIADH. Nonetheless, larger epidemiological studies are suggested to verify this conclusion.

Stemazole Promotes Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Survival In Vitro and Remyelination In Vivo.

Maintaining the normal function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and protecting OPCs from damage is the basis of myelin regeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper, we investigated the effect of stemazole, a novel small molecule, on the promotion of oligodendrocyte precursor cell survival and remyelination. The results show that stemazole enhanced the survival rate and the number of clone formation in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the percentage of cell apoptosis. In particular, the number of cell clones was increased up to 6-fold (p < 0.001) in the stemazole group compared with the control group. In vivo, we assessed the effect of stemazole on recovering the motor dysfunction and demyelination induced by cuprizone (CPZ). The results show that stemazole promoted the recovery of motor dysfunction and the repair of myelin sheaths. Compared with the CPZ group, the stemazole group showed a 30.46% increase in the myelin area (p < 0.001), a 37.08% increase in MBP expression (p < 0.01), and a 1.66-fold increase in Olig2 expression (p < 0.001). Histologically, stemazole had a better effect than the positive control drugs. In conclusion, stemazole promoted OPC survival in vitro and remyelination in vivo, suggesting that this compound may be used as a therapeutic agent against demyelinating disease.

Microfluidic Synthesis of the Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanosystem for Type-I Photodynamic Therapy.

Type I photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIE-gens) have the ability to generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have a good application prospect in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the encapsulation and delivery of AIE molecules are unsatisfactory and seriously affect the efficiency of a practical therapy. Faced with this issue, we synthesized the metal-organic framework (MOF) in one step using the microfluidic integration technology and encapsulated TBP-2 (an AIE molecule) into the MOF to obtain the composite nanomaterial ZT. Material characterization showed that the prepared ZT had stable physical and chemical properties and controllable size and morphology. After being endocytosed by tumor cells, ZT was degraded in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), and then TBP-2 molecules were released. After stimulation by low-power white light, a large amount of •OH and H2O2 was generated by TBP-2 through type I PDT, thereby achieving a tumor-killing effect. Further in vitro cell experiments showed good biocompatibility of the prepared ZT. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first on the microfluidic synthesis of multifunctional MOF for type I PDT in response to the TME. Overall, the preparation of ZT by the microfluidic synthesis method provides new insight into cancer therapy.

[Hypoglycemic mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus and its main chemical constituents].

With the rise of incidence, fatality rate, and number of young cases, diabetes mellitus has been one of the seven major diseases threatening human health. Although many antidiabetic drugs(oral or for injection) are available, the majority have serious side effects during the long-term use. Thus, it is of particularly vital to develop new drugs with low risk and definite effect. Psoraleae Fructus, a traditional medicinal widely used in the folk, has hypoglycemic, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, estrogen-like, and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, it has great clinical application potential. Chinese medicine and the active ingredients, characterized by multiple targets, multiple pathways, and multiple effects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, have distinct advantages in clinical application. However, the safety of Chinese medicine remains to be a challenge, and one of keys is to clarifying the mechanism of a single Chinese medicinal and its active ingredients. With the method of literature research, this study summarized and analyzed the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Psoraleae Fructus and its main active ingredients over the last decade: regulating glucose metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and directly acting on pancreatic ß-cells. The result is expected to serve as a reference for further research on the effects of Psoraleae Fructus and its main chemical constituents in lowering blood glucose and preventing diabetes mellitus and the clinical application.

Urinary incontinence status and risk factors in women aged 50-70 years: a cross-sectional study in Hunan, China.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition that may decrease women's quality of life. Risk factors remain debatable based on previous research. We aimed to determine the prevalence of UI and associated risk factors among women aged 50-70 years in Hunan, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire. In total, 2790 women aged 50-70 years were recruited using multi-stage stratified random sampling in Hunan. Dependent variable was UI. Independent variables were demographic characteristics, health behaviours, obstetric history and comorbidity. Data were entered into EpiData and analysed using SPSS. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between categorical variables. Statistically significant variables (p ≤ 0.05) were then analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was 14.84% (414/2790). Of the women with UI, 61.1% (253/414) had stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 21.5% (89/414) had urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and 17.1% (72/414) had mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Risk factors for UI included ageing, living in the countryside, history of gynaecological disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: UI in women aged 50-70 years in Hunan was not as prevalent as reported in previous studies. Some possible reasons are addressed; for example, the primary survey in this study was not a UI-focused survey. Women who were older, lived in the countryside and had histories of gynaecological disease, hypertension or cardiovascular disease were more likely to have UI. Health departments and medical staff should target patients with factors that potential contribute to UI development.

Tumor-derived biomimetic nanozyme with immune evasion ability for synergistically enhanced low dose radiotherapy.

High doses of radiation can cause serious side effects and efficient radiosensitizers are urgently needed. To overcome this problem, we developed a biomimetic nanozyme system (CF) by coating pyrite (FeS2) into tumor-derived exosomes for enhanced low-dose radiotherapy (RT). CF system give FeS2 with immune escape and homologous targeting abilities. After administration, CF with both glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and peroxidase (POD) activities can significantly lower the content of GSH in tumor tissues and catalyze intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce a large amount of ·OH for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption and mitochondria destruction, thus reducing RT resistance. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that combining CF with RT (2 Gy) can provide a substantial suppression of tumor proliferation. This is the first attempt to use exosomes bionic FeS2 nanozyme for realizing low-dose RT, which broaden the prospects of nanozymes.

College students responding to the Chinese version of Cardiff fertility knowledge scale show deficiencies in their awareness: a cross-sectional survey in Hunan, China.

BACKGROUND: Fertility knowledge is vital to the fertility health of young people and greatly impacts their fertility choices. Delayed childbearing has been increasing in high-income countries, accompanied by the risk of involuntary childlessness or having fewer children than desired. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about fertility issues, the related influencing factors, the method of acquiring fertility knowledge, and the relationship between fertility knowledge and fertility intentions among college students. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students was conducted in Hunan Province from March to April 2018. A total of 867 college students from three comprehensive universities responded to a poster invitation utilizing the Chinese version of the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-C). Data were explored and analysed by SPSS (version 22.0) software. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, T-tests, and Pearson's correlations were used for the measurements. RESULTS: The average percent-correct score on the CFKS-C was 49.9% (SD = 20.8), with greater knowledge significantly related to living in a city district, being not single status, majoring in medicine, being in year 4 or above of study, and intention to have children (all p<0.05). A total of 81.9% of the participants reported that they would like to have children, the average score of the importance of childbearing was 6.3 (SD = 2.7), and the female score was lower than the male score (p = 0.001). A small positive relationship was observed between the CFKS-C and the importance of childbearing (r = 0.074, p = 0.035). Respondents indicated that they gained most of their knowledge from the media and internet (41.4%) and from schools (38.2%). CONCLUSION: Yong people in college have a modest level of fertility knowledge, a relatively low intention to have a child, and deficiencies in fertility health education. There is a need to improve the accessibility of fertility health services by developing a scientific and reliable fertility health promotion strategy.

Reproductive health status and related knowledge among women aged 20-39 years in rural China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Reproductive health is the core science of human life and is critical to the healthy and sustainable development of human society. Since 1980, China has enforced a "one child" policy. With the implementation of the Universal Two-Child Policy in 2016, every couple is allowed to have two children instead of one, which will lead to more pregnancies, births, and advanced maternal age. Thus, women aged 20-39 years, at the peak of sexual activity and fertility, will face more reproductive health problems related to pregnancies and births. This study aimed to investigate the current reproductive health status, knowledge, and factors associated with reproductive health knowledge among women aged 20-39 years in rural China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five villages of five cities in China. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.0, and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. A descriptive summary of the data and logistic regression were used to identify associated factors. RESULTS: One-third of the participants reported that they had suffered from gynecopathy, and 38.89% of participants with gynecopathy-related discomfort did not seek medical treatment. Condoms and intrauterine devices were the main contraceptive measures used, and 28.70% of women had a history of induced abortion. Over half of the respondents (53.00%) were classified as having a low reproductive health knowledge score. Factors associated with lower knowledge levels were lower education, no history of gynecopathy, and lack of acquiring knowledge from medical staff, WeChat/micro-blog, or the internet. CONCLUSION: A poor reproductive health situation and low level of health knowledge were found among women aged 20-39 years in rural China. More specific interventions promoting reproductive health and targeting rural women aged 20-39 years are needed.

Zero-biased deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on graphene/cleaved (100) Ga2O3 heterojunction.

In this paper, fast response, zero-biased, solar-blind UV photodetectors based on graphene/ß-Ga2O3 heterojunctions were fabricated by transferring a monolayer graphene onto fresh cleaved ß-Ga2O3 (100) single crystal substrate. At zero bias, the photo responsivity at 254 nm and the UV/visible rejection ratio (R235 nm/R400 nm) and the response time are obtained to be 10.3 mA/W and 2.28 × 102 and 2.24 µs, respectively, for the graphene/ß-Ga2O3 (100) detector. The fast response and the high sensitivity can be attributed to the high mobility and UV transparency of graphene top-electrode and the low defect density of the ß-Ga2O3 (100) cleaved surface. Such zero-biased detectors are very promising for next-generation solar-blind UV photodetection.

Access to reproductive health services among the female floating population of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study in Changsha, China.

BACKGROUND: The floating population serves an important role in economic and social development. However, little is known about the floating population's reproductive health (RH) services, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the use of reproductive health services in the female floating population in China, which is a country with the largest floating population in the world. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted for more than 3 months. Six hundred twenty females of childbearing age in a floating population were recruited into the study by using random sampling, with these individuals being recruited from six community centres in Changsha, China. The use of reproductive health services was assessed by utilizing a self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 555 participants returned the completed questionnaires (effective response rate of 89.5%), including 405 married women and 150 unmarried women. The utilization of RH services was poor in individuals who could access RH policies (39.3%), RH education (36.4%), RH counselling (27.4%), gratis contraceptives (36.0%), and free RH examinations (38.9%), and married women utilized these services at higher rates than unmarried women (P < 0.01), although 63.3% of the unmarried women had sexual lifestyles. The marital status was significantly associated with receiving RH education, RH counselling, gratis contraceptives, and free RH examinations. Age was significantly associated with the use of RH education and free RH examinations. The average personal monthly income had a significantly beneficial effect on the use of free RH examinations. Obstetrics and gynaecological disease prevention (67.2%) were the greatest needs of the RH services, and the use of the Internet was the best way to obtain these services. Most of the individuals (77.3%) hoped to receive gynaecological health screenings that were provided by obstetrics and gynaecology hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The female floating population exhibited poor awareness of RH and rarely used RH services, especially in unmarried women. The results suggest that educational interventions for the female floating population, as well as policy and resource developments should meet the demands for RH services, which are urgently needed in China.

Synthesis of 6-hydroxyaurone analogues and evaluation of their α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption-promoting activity: Development of highly active 5,6-disubstituted derivatives.

A series of 6-hydroxyaurones and their analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption-promoting activity. These compounds exhibited varying degrees of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 11 of them showing higher potency than that of the control standard acarbose (IC50=50.30µM). Surprisingly, analogues devoid of a substituent at C-2 but having an aryl group at C-5 were found to be highly active (e.g., 7f, IC50=9.88µM). Docking analysis substantiated these findings. The kinetic analysis of compound 7f, the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor of this study, revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in an irreversible and mixed competitive mode. In addition, compounds 7f and 10c exhibited significant glucose consumption promoting activity at 1µM.

An Enhanced Spring-Particle Model for Red Blood Cell Structural Mechanics: Application to the Stomatocyte-Discocyte-Echinocyte Transformation.

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cellular element suspended in blood. Together with the usual biconcave-shaped RBCs, i.e., discocytes, unusual-shaped RBCs are also observed under physiological and experimental conditions, e.g., stomatocytes and echinocytes. Stomatocytes and echinocytes are formed from discocytes and in addition can revert back to being discocytes; this shape change is known as the stomatocyte-discocyte-echinocyte (SDE) transformation. To-date, limited research has been conducted on the numerical prediction of the full SDE transformation. Spring-particle RBC (SP-RBC) models are commonly used to numerically predict RBC mechanics and rheology. However, these models are incapable of predicting the full SDE transformation because the typically employed bending model always leads to numerical instability with severely deformed shapes. In this work, an enhanced SP-RBC model is proposed in order to extend the capability of this model type and so that the full SDE transformation can be reproduced. This is achieved through the leveraging of an advanced bending model. Transformed vesicle and RBC shapes are predicted for a range of reduced volume and reduced membrane area difference (MAD), and very good agreement is obtained in the comparison of predicted shapes with experimental observations. Through these predictions, vesicle and SDE transformation phase diagrams are developed and, importantly, in the SDE case, shape boundaries are proposed for the first time relating RBC shape categories to RBC reduced volume and reduced MAD.

A novel polymorphism near HLA class II region is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV and response to interferon treatment in Chinese patients.

A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4273729 in a 100-kbp region comprising human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) class II genes as an important predictor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance in European and African populations. This study was to determine whether this polymorphism is also associated with spontaneous HCV clearance as well as response to interferon treatment in Chinese patients. Thus, 686 chronic HCV carriers, 432 individuals with spontaneous viral clearance and 243 patients with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (PEG IFN-α/RBV) treatment were genotyped. The rs4273729 GG genotype was strongly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance as well as better IFN/RBV treatment response compared with the GC/CC genotypes in Chinese Han population (additive model: odds ratio (OR)=0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.51-0.76; OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.38-0.88, respectively). Rs4273729, rs12980275, baseline HCV RNA and platelet level were independent predictors for sustained virological response (SVR). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.578 when including rs4273729 alone, but the prediction value was improved significantly (AUC=0.733) when further including rs12980275, baseline viral load and baseline platelet level. In conclusion, the genetic variation of rs4273729 is associated with clearance of HCV in both the natural course and the treatment process in Chinese Han population.

Typhoon disaster state information extraction for Chinese texts.

Typhoon disasters undergo a complex evolutionary process influenced by temporal changes, and investigating this process constitutes the central focus of geographical research. As a key node within the typhoon disaster process, the state serves as the foundation for gauging the dynamics of the disaster. The majority of current approaches to disaster information extraction rely on event extraction methods to acquire fundamental elements, including disaster-causing factors, disaster-bearing bodies, disaster-pregnant environment and the extent of damage. Due to the dispersion of various disaster information and the diversity of time and space, it is a challenge for supporting the analysis of the typhoon disaster process. In this paper, a typhoon disaster state information extraction (TDSIE) method for Chinese texts is proposed, which aims to facilitate the systematic integration of fragmented typhoon disaster information. First, the integration of part-of-speech tagging with spatio-temporal information extraction is employed to achieve the tagging of typhoon disaster texts. Second, within the framework of spatio-temporal semantic units, the typhoon disaster semantic vector is constructed to facilitate the identification of information elements of typhoon disaster states. Third, co-referential state information fusion is performed based on spatio-temporal cues. Experimental analysis, conducted using online news as the data source, reveals that the TDSIE achieves precision and recall rates consistently surpassing 85%. The typhoon disaster state information derived from the TDSIE allows for the analysis of spatio-temporal patterns, evolutionary characteristics, and activity modes of typhoon disasters across various scales. Therefore, TDSIE serves as valuable support for investigating the inherent process properties of typhoon disasters.

Antidiabetic drug administration prevents bone mineral density loss: Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of common antidiabetic drugs on BMD by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). The single nucleotide polymorphisms that were strongly associated with insulin, metformin, rosiglitazone and gliclazide were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs) for MR analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR method to assess the causal effect of antidiabetic drugs on BMD, and other MR methods, including Weighted median, MR Egger and Weighted mode, were used for complementary analysis. Reliability and stability were assessed by the leave-one-out test. In the present work, IVW estimation of the causal effect of insulin on heel BMD demonstrated that there was a null effect of insulin on heel BMD (ß = 0.765; se = 0.971; P = 0.430), while metformin treatment had a positive effect on heel BMD (ß = 1.414; se = 0.460; P = 2.118*10-3). The causal relationship between rosiglitazone and heel BMD analysed by IVW suggested that there was a null effect of rosiglitazone on heel BMD (ß = -0.526; se = 1.744; P = 0.763), but the causal effect of gliclazide on heel BMD evaluated by IVW demonstrated that there was a positive effect of gliclazide on heel BMD (ß = 2.671; se = 1.340; P = 0.046). In summary, the present work showed that metformin and gliclazide have a role in reducing BMD loss in patients with diabetes and are recommended for BMD loss prevention in diabetes.