Grape water: reclaim and valorization of a by-product from the industrial cryoconcentration of grape (Vitis vinifera) must.

BACKGROUND: The term 'grape (Vitis vinifera) water' refers to a by-product from the cryoconcentration of must that, if not reclaimed, would be considered as wastewater. In this study, the nutraceutical potential of waters reclaimed from the cryoconcentration of Grillo and Moscato musts was evaluated. RESULTS: Both waters showed physicochemical parameters in agreement with Italian regulation for drinking water, and interesting levels of F- (3.02-8.02 mg L-1 ) and SO4 - (52.85-49.34 mg L-1 ). Inorganic elements, including Mg (5.54-7.78 mg L-1 ), K (47.12-59.87 mg L-1 ), Fe (219.09-205.32 µg L-1 ), and Zn (189.65-127.30 µg L-1 ), and phenolic contents <35 mg GAE L-1 contributed to determine moderate antioxidant activities. Considering fatty acid composition, oleic and linoleic acids predominated, being higher in Moscato than Grillo samples (64.42% versus 58.22%, and 5.42% versus 6.07%). Grape waters displayed also rich aroma profiles, including mainly esters, alcohols and terpenoids. The latter components (i.e. linalool and α-terpineol) were more abundant in Moscato than in Grillo (13% versus 8%). Interestingly, some minor volatiles, characterized the vine of provenance (e.g. benzaldehyde and 3-methylbutylacetate in Moscato). All grape waters showed also a considerable fraction of ethyl lactate, six-carbon compounds and acetates, reflecting the proximity of samples to the grapes of origin. CONCLUSION: In a growing scenario of environmental decay and resource depletion, results from this study support an innovative and profitable waste recycling strategy for the wine industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antiangiogenic Iridoids from Stachys ocymastrum and Premna resinosa.

In this paper, the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside, 6ß-acetoxyipolamiide (1: ), and thirteen (2:  - 14: ) known congeners from two Lamiaceae species, Stachys ocymastrum and Premna resinosa, leaf extracts is reported. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was performed by mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as MS experiments. The isolates were assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, zebrafish embryos and chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. The compounds with a significant antiangiogenic activity in both assays were ß-hydroxyipolamiide (2: ), ipolamiide (3: ), and buddlejoside A5 (8: ). 6-O-α-l-(3″-O-p-Methoxycinnamoyl-4″-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (13: ) and 6-O-α-l-(2″-trans-caffeoyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (6: ) showed the best antiangiogenic response on blood vessel growth in zebrafish embryos, whereas saccatoside (10: ) and 6-O-α-l-(2″-O - : p-methoxycinnamoyl-3″-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (14: ) resulted in a strong reduction of capillary formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay.